org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/BasePackFetchConnection.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008, 2010 Google Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2008, Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2008, 2022 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org> and others
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
 * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
 * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 */

package org.eclipse.jgit.transport;

import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_DELIM;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_DEEPEN;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_DEEPEN_NOT;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_DEEPEN_SINCE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_DONE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_END;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_ERR;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_HAVE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_SHALLOW;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_UNSHALLOW;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.PACKET_WANT;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.PackProtocolException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.RemoteRepositoryException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.TransportException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.AnyObjectId;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.MutableObjectId;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.NullProgressMonitor;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectDatabase;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectId;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectInserter;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ProgressMonitor;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Ref;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommit;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommitList;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevFlag;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevObject;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevSort;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevWalk;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.filter.CommitTimeRevFilter;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.filter.RevFilter;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.MultiAck;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.PacketLineIn.AckNackResult;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.StringUtils;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.TemporaryBuffer;

/**
 * Fetch implementation using the native Git pack transfer service.
 * <p>
 * This is the canonical implementation for transferring objects from the remote
 * repository to the local repository by talking to the 'git-upload-pack'
 * service. Objects are packed on the remote side into a pack file and then sent
 * down the pipe to us.
 * <p>
 * This connection requires only a bi-directional pipe or socket, and thus is
 * easily wrapped up into a local process pipe, anonymous TCP socket, or a
 * command executed through an SSH tunnel.
 * <p>
 * If {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.BasePackConnection#statelessRPC} is
 * {@code true}, this connection can be tunneled over a request-response style
 * RPC system like HTTP. The RPC call boundary is determined by this class
 * switching from writing to the OutputStream to reading from the InputStream.
 * <p>
 * Concrete implementations should just call
 * {@link #init(java.io.InputStream, java.io.OutputStream)} and
 * {@link #readAdvertisedRefs()} methods in constructor or before any use. They
 * should also handle resources releasing in {@link #close()} method if needed.
 */
public abstract class BasePackFetchConnection extends BasePackConnection
		implements FetchConnection {
	/**
	 * Maximum number of 'have' lines to send before giving up.
	 * <p>
	 * During {@link #negotiate(ProgressMonitor, boolean, Set)} we send at most this many
	 * commits to the remote peer as 'have' lines without an ACK response before
	 * we give up.
	 */
	private static final int MAX_HAVES = 256;

	/**
	 * Amount of data the client sends before starting to read.
	 * <p>
	 * Any output stream given to the client must be able to buffer this many
	 * bytes before the client will stop writing and start reading from the
	 * input stream. If the output stream blocks before this many bytes are in
	 * the send queue, the system will deadlock.
	 */
	protected static final int MIN_CLIENT_BUFFER = 2 * 32 * 46 + 8;

	/**
	 * Include tags if we are also including the referenced objects.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_INCLUDE_TAG = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_INCLUDE_TAG;

	/**
	 * Multi-ACK support for improved negotiation.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_MULTI_ACK = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_MULTI_ACK;

	/**
	 * Multi-ACK detailed support for improved negotiation.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_MULTI_ACK_DETAILED = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_MULTI_ACK_DETAILED;

	/**
	 * The client supports packs with deltas but not their bases.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_THIN_PACK = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_THIN_PACK;

	/**
	 * The client supports using the side-band for progress messages.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_SIDE_BAND = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_SIDE_BAND;

	/**
	 * The client supports using the 64K side-band for progress messages.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_SIDE_BAND_64K = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_SIDE_BAND_64K;

	/**
	 * The client supports packs with OFS deltas.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_OFS_DELTA = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_OFS_DELTA;

	/**
	 * The client supports shallow fetches.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_SHALLOW = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_SHALLOW;

	/**
	 * The client does not want progress messages and will ignore them.
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_NO_PROGRESS = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_NO_PROGRESS;

	/**
	 * The client supports receiving a pack before it has sent "done".
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_NO_DONE = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_NO_DONE;

	/**
	 * The client supports fetching objects at the tip of any ref, even if not
	 * advertised.
	 * @since 3.1
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_ALLOW_TIP_SHA1_IN_WANT = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_ALLOW_TIP_SHA1_IN_WANT;

	/**
	 * The client supports fetching objects that are reachable from a tip of a
	 * ref that is allowed to fetch.
	 * @since 4.1
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1_IN_WANT = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1_IN_WANT;

	/**
	 * The client specified a filter expression.
	 *
	 * @since 5.0
	 */
	public static final String OPTION_FILTER = GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_FILTER;

	private final RevWalk walk;

	/** All commits that are immediately reachable by a local ref. */
	private RevCommitList<RevCommit> reachableCommits;

	/** Marks an object as having all its dependencies. */
	final RevFlag REACHABLE;

	/** Marks a commit known to both sides of the connection. */
	final RevFlag COMMON;

	/** Like {@link #COMMON} but means its also in {@link #pckState}. */
	private final RevFlag STATE;

	/** Marks a commit listed in the advertised refs. */
	final RevFlag ADVERTISED;

	private MultiAck multiAck = MultiAck.OFF;

	private boolean thinPack;

	private boolean sideband;

	private boolean includeTags;

	private boolean allowOfsDelta;

	private boolean useNegotiationTip;

	private boolean noDone;

	private boolean noProgress;

	private String lockMessage;

	private PackLock packLock;

	private int maxHaves;

	private Integer depth;

	private Instant deepenSince;

	private List<String> deepenNots;

	/**
	 * RPC state, if {@link BasePackConnection#statelessRPC} is true or protocol
	 * V2 is used.
	 */
	private TemporaryBuffer.Heap state;

	private PacketLineOut pckState;

	/**
	 * Either FilterSpec.NO_FILTER for a filter that doesn't filter
	 * anything, or a filter that indicates what and what not to send to the
	 * server.
	 */
	private final FilterSpec filterSpec;

	/**
	 * Create a new connection to fetch using the native git transport.
	 *
	 * @param packTransport
	 *            the transport.
	 */
	public BasePackFetchConnection(PackTransport packTransport) {
		super(packTransport);

		if (local != null) {
			final FetchConfig cfg = getFetchConfig();
			allowOfsDelta = cfg.allowOfsDelta;
			maxHaves = cfg.maxHaves;
			useNegotiationTip = cfg.useNegotiationTip;
		} else {
			allowOfsDelta = true;
			maxHaves = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
			useNegotiationTip = false;
		}

		includeTags = transport.getTagOpt() != TagOpt.NO_TAGS;
		thinPack = transport.isFetchThin();
		filterSpec = transport.getFilterSpec();
		depth = transport.getDepth();
		deepenSince = transport.getDeepenSince();
		deepenNots = transport.getDeepenNots();

		if (local != null) {
			walk = new RevWalk(local);
			walk.setRetainBody(false);
			reachableCommits = new RevCommitList<>();
			REACHABLE = walk.newFlag("REACHABLE"); //$NON-NLS-1$
			COMMON = walk.newFlag("COMMON"); //$NON-NLS-1$
			STATE = walk.newFlag("STATE"); //$NON-NLS-1$
			ADVERTISED = walk.newFlag("ADVERTISED"); //$NON-NLS-1$

			walk.carry(COMMON);
			walk.carry(REACHABLE);
			walk.carry(ADVERTISED);
		} else {
			walk = null;
			REACHABLE = null;
			COMMON = null;
			STATE = null;
			ADVERTISED = null;
		}
	}

	static class FetchConfig {
		final boolean allowOfsDelta;

		final int maxHaves;

		final boolean useNegotiationTip;

		FetchConfig(Config c) {
			allowOfsDelta = c.getBoolean("repack", "usedeltabaseoffset", true); //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
			maxHaves = c.getInt("fetch", "maxhaves", Integer.MAX_VALUE); //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
			useNegotiationTip = c.getBoolean("fetch", "usenegotiationtip", //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
					false);
		}

		FetchConfig(boolean allowOfsDelta, int maxHaves) {
			this(allowOfsDelta, maxHaves, false);
		}

		/**
		 * @param allowOfsDelta
		 *            when true optimizes the pack size by deltafying base
		 *            object
		 * @param maxHaves
		 *            max haves to be sent per negotiation
		 * @param useNegotiationTip
		 *            if true uses the wanted refs instead of all refs as source
		 *            of the "have" list to send.
		 * @since 6.6
		 */
		FetchConfig(boolean allowOfsDelta, int maxHaves,
				boolean useNegotiationTip) {
			this.allowOfsDelta = allowOfsDelta;
			this.maxHaves = maxHaves;
			this.useNegotiationTip = useNegotiationTip;
		}
	}

	@Override
	public final void fetch(final ProgressMonitor monitor,
			final Collection<Ref> want, final Set<ObjectId> have)
			throws TransportException {
		fetch(monitor, want, have, null);
	}

	@Override
	public final void fetch(final ProgressMonitor monitor,
			final Collection<Ref> want, final Set<ObjectId> have,
			OutputStream outputStream) throws TransportException {
		markStartedOperation();
		doFetch(monitor, want, have, outputStream);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean didFetchIncludeTags() {
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean didFetchTestConnectivity() {
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public void setPackLockMessage(String message) {
		lockMessage = message;
	}

	@Override
	public Collection<PackLock> getPackLocks() {
		if (packLock != null)
			return Collections.singleton(packLock);
		return Collections.<PackLock> emptyList();
	}

	private void clearState() {
		walk.dispose();
		reachableCommits = null;
		state = null;
		pckState = null;
	}

	/**
	 * Execute common ancestor negotiation and fetch the objects.
	 *
	 * @param monitor
	 *            progress monitor to receive status updates. If the monitor is
	 *            the {@link org.eclipse.jgit.lib.NullProgressMonitor#INSTANCE}, then the no-progress
	 *            option enabled.
	 * @param want
	 *            the advertised remote references the caller wants to fetch.
	 * @param have
	 *            additional objects to assume that already exist locally. This
	 *            will be added to the set of objects reachable from the
	 *            destination repository's references.
	 * @param outputStream
	 *            ouputStream to write sideband messages to
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.TransportException
	 *             if any exception occurs.
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	protected void doFetch(final ProgressMonitor monitor,
			final Collection<Ref> want, final Set<ObjectId> have,
			OutputStream outputStream) throws TransportException {
		boolean hasObjects = !have.isEmpty();
		try {
			noProgress = monitor == NullProgressMonitor.INSTANCE;

			if (hasObjects) {
				markRefsAdvertised();
			}
			markReachable(want, have, maxTimeWanted(want, hasObjects));

			if (TransferConfig.ProtocolVersion.V2
					.equals(getProtocolVersion())) {
				// Protocol V2 always is a "stateless" protocol, even over a
				// bidirectional pipe: the server serves one "fetch" request and
				// then forgets anything it has learned, so the next fetch
				// request has to re-send all wants and previously determined
				// common objects as "have"s again.
				state = new TemporaryBuffer.Heap(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
				pckState = new PacketLineOut(state);
				try {
					doFetchV2(monitor, want, outputStream, hasObjects);
				} finally {
					clearState();
				}
				return;
			}
			// Protocol V0/1
			if (statelessRPC) {
				state = new TemporaryBuffer.Heap(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
				pckState = new PacketLineOut(state);
			}
			PacketLineOut output = statelessRPC ? pckState : pckOut;
			if (sendWants(want, output, hasObjects)) {
				boolean mayHaveShallow = depth != null || deepenSince != null || !deepenNots.isEmpty();
				Set<ObjectId> shallowCommits = local.getObjectDatabase().getShallowCommits();
				if (isCapableOf(GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_SHALLOW)) {
					sendShallow(shallowCommits, output);
				} else if (mayHaveShallow) {
					throw new PackProtocolException(JGitText.get().shallowNotSupported);
				}
				output.end();
				outNeedsEnd = false;

				negotiate(monitor, mayHaveShallow, shallowCommits);

				clearState();

				receivePack(monitor, outputStream);
			}
		} catch (CancelledException ce) {
			close();
			return; // Caller should test (or just know) this themselves.
		} catch (IOException | RuntimeException err) {
			close();
			throw new TransportException(err.getMessage(), err);
		}
	}

	private void doFetchV2(ProgressMonitor monitor, Collection<Ref> want,
			OutputStream outputStream, boolean hasObjects)
			throws IOException, CancelledException {
		sideband = true;
		negotiateBegin();

		pckState.writeString("command=" + GitProtocolConstants.COMMAND_FETCH); //$NON-NLS-1$
		// Capabilities are sent as command arguments in protocol V2
		String agent = UserAgent.get();
		if (agent != null && isCapableOf(GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_AGENT)) {
			pckState.writeString(
					GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_AGENT + '=' + agent);
		}
		Set<String> capabilities = new HashSet<>();
		String advertised = getCapability(GitProtocolConstants.COMMAND_FETCH);
		if (!StringUtils.isEmptyOrNull(advertised)) {
			capabilities.addAll(Arrays.asList(advertised.split("\\s+"))); //$NON-NLS-1$
		}
		// Arguments
		pckState.writeDelim();
		for (String capability : getCapabilitiesV2(capabilities)) {
			pckState.writeString(capability);
		}

		if (!sendWants(want, pckState, hasObjects)) {
			// We already have everything we wanted.
			return;
		}

		Set<ObjectId> shallowCommits = local.getObjectDatabase().getShallowCommits();
		if (capabilities.contains(GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_SHALLOW)) {
			sendShallow(shallowCommits, pckState);
		} else if (depth != null || deepenSince != null || !deepenNots.isEmpty()) {
			throw new PackProtocolException(JGitText.get().shallowNotSupported);
		}
		// If we send something, we always close it properly ourselves.
		outNeedsEnd = false;

		FetchStateV2 fetchState = new FetchStateV2();
		boolean sentDone = false;
		for (;;) {
			// The "state" buffer contains the full fetch request with all
			// common objects found so far.
			state.writeTo(out, monitor);
			sentDone = sendNextHaveBatch(fetchState, pckOut, monitor);
			if (sentDone) {
				break;
			}
			if (readAcknowledgments(fetchState, pckIn, monitor)) {
				// We got a "ready": next should be a patch file.
				break;
			}
			// Note: C git reads and requires here (and after a packfile) a
			// "0002" packet in stateless RPC transports (https). This "response
			// end" packet is even mentioned in the protocol V2 technical
			// documentation. However, it is not actually part of the public
			// protocol; it occurs only in an internal protocol wrapper in the C
			// git implementation.
		}
		clearState();
		String line = pckIn.readString();
		// If we sent a done, we may have an error reply here.
		if (sentDone && line.startsWith(PACKET_ERR)) {
			throw new RemoteRepositoryException(uri, line.substring(4));
		}

		if (GitProtocolConstants.SECTION_SHALLOW_INFO.equals(line)) {
			line = handleShallowUnshallow(shallowCommits, pckIn);
			if (!PacketLineIn.isDelimiter(line)) {
				throw new PackProtocolException(MessageFormat
						.format(JGitText.get().expectedGot, PACKET_DELIM,
								line));
			}
			line = pckIn.readString();
		}

		// "wanted-refs" and "packfile-uris" would have to be
		// handled here in that order.
		if (!GitProtocolConstants.SECTION_PACKFILE.equals(line)) {
			throw new PackProtocolException(
					MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().expectedGot,
							GitProtocolConstants.SECTION_PACKFILE, line));
		}
		receivePack(monitor, outputStream);
	}

	/**
	 * Sends the next batch of "have"s and terminates the {@code output}.
	 *
	 * @param fetchState
	 *            is updated with information about the number of items written,
	 *            and whether to expect a packfile next
	 * @param output
	 *            to write to
	 * @param monitor
	 *            for progress reporting and cancellation
	 * @return {@code true} if a "done" was written and we should thus expect a
	 *         packfile next
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             on errors
	 * @throws CancelledException
	 *             on cancellation
	 */
	private boolean sendNextHaveBatch(FetchStateV2 fetchState,
			PacketLineOut output, ProgressMonitor monitor)
			throws IOException, CancelledException {
		long n = 0;
		while (n < fetchState.havesToSend) {
			final RevCommit c = walk.next();
			if (c == null) {
				break;
			}
			output.writeString(PACKET_HAVE + c.getId().name() + '\n');
			n++;
			if (n % 10 == 0 && monitor.isCancelled()) {
				throw new CancelledException();
			}
		}
		fetchState.havesTotal += n;
		if (n == 0
				|| (fetchState.hadAcks
						&& fetchState.havesWithoutAck > MAX_HAVES)
				|| fetchState.havesTotal > maxHaves) {
			output.writeString(PACKET_DONE + '\n');
			output.end();
			return true;
		}
		// Increment only after the test above. Of course we have no ACKs yet
		// for the newly added "have"s, so it makes no sense to count them
		// against the MAX_HAVES limit.
		fetchState.havesWithoutAck += n;
		output.end();
		fetchState.incHavesToSend(statelessRPC);
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Reads and processes acknowledgments, adding ACKed objects as "have"s to
	 * the global state {@link TemporaryBuffer}.
	 *
	 * @param fetchState
	 *            to update
	 * @param input
	 *            to read from
	 * @param monitor
	 *            for progress reporting and cancellation
	 * @return {@code true} if a "ready" was received and a packfile is expected
	 *         next
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             on errors
	 * @throws CancelledException
	 *             on cancellation
	 */
	private boolean readAcknowledgments(FetchStateV2 fetchState,
			PacketLineIn input, ProgressMonitor monitor)
			throws IOException, CancelledException {
		String line = input.readString();
		if (!GitProtocolConstants.SECTION_ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.equals(line)) {
			throw new PackProtocolException(MessageFormat.format(
					JGitText.get().expectedGot,
					GitProtocolConstants.SECTION_ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, line));
		}
		MutableObjectId returnedId = new MutableObjectId();
		line = input.readString();
		boolean gotReady = false;
		long n = 0;
		while (!PacketLineIn.isEnd(line) && !PacketLineIn.isDelimiter(line)) {
			AckNackResult ack = PacketLineIn.parseACKv2(line, returnedId);
			// If we got a "ready", we just skip the remaining lines after
			// having checked them for being valid. (Normally, the "ready"
			// should be the last line anyway.)
			if (!gotReady) {
				if (ack == AckNackResult.ACK_COMMON) {
					// markCommon appends the object to the "state"
					markCommon(walk.parseAny(returnedId), ack, true);
					fetchState.havesWithoutAck = 0;
					fetchState.hadAcks = true;
				} else if (ack == AckNackResult.ACK_READY) {
					gotReady = true;
				}
			}
			n++;
			if (n % 10 == 0 && monitor.isCancelled()) {
				throw new CancelledException();
			}
			line = input.readString();
		}
		if (gotReady) {
			if (!PacketLineIn.isDelimiter(line)) {
				throw new PackProtocolException(MessageFormat
						.format(JGitText.get().expectedGot, PACKET_DELIM,
								line));
			}
		} else if (!PacketLineIn.isEnd(line)) {
			throw new PackProtocolException(MessageFormat
					.format(JGitText.get().expectedGot, PACKET_END, line));
		}
		return gotReady;
	}

	@Override
	public void close() {
		if (walk != null)
			walk.close();
		super.close();
	}

	FetchConfig getFetchConfig() {
		return local.getConfig().get(FetchConfig::new);
	}

	private int maxTimeWanted(Collection<Ref> wants, boolean hasObjects) {
		int maxTime = 0;
		if (!hasObjects) {
			// we don't have any objects locally, we can immediately bail out
			return maxTime;
		}
		for (Ref r : wants) {
			try {
				final RevObject obj = walk.parseAny(r.getObjectId());
				if (obj instanceof RevCommit) {
					final int cTime = ((RevCommit) obj).getCommitTime();
					if (maxTime < cTime)
						maxTime = cTime;
				}
			} catch (IOException error) {
				// We don't have it, but we want to fetch (thus fixing error).
			}
		}
		return maxTime;
	}

	private void markReachable(Collection<Ref> want, Set<ObjectId> have,
			int maxTime) throws IOException {
		Collection<Ref> refsToMark;
		if (useNegotiationTip) {
			refsToMark = translateToLocalTips(want);
			if (refsToMark.size() < want.size()) {
				refsToMark.addAll(local.getRefDatabase().getRefs());
			}
		} else {
			refsToMark = local.getRefDatabase().getRefs();
		}
		markReachableRefTips(refsToMark);

		for (ObjectId id : local.getAdditionalHaves())
			markReachable(id);

		for (ObjectId id : have)
			markReachable(id);

		if (maxTime > 0) {
			// Mark reachable commits until we reach maxTime. These may
			// wind up later matching up against things we want and we
			// can avoid asking for something we already happen to have.
			//
			final Date maxWhen = new Date(maxTime * 1000L);
			walk.sort(RevSort.COMMIT_TIME_DESC);
			walk.markStart(reachableCommits);
			walk.setRevFilter(CommitTimeRevFilter.after(maxWhen));
			for (;;) {
				final RevCommit c = walk.next();
				if (c == null)
					break;
				if (c.has(ADVERTISED) && !c.has(COMMON)) {
					// This is actually going to be a common commit, but
					// our peer doesn't know that fact yet.
					//
					c.add(COMMON);
					c.carry(COMMON);
					reachableCommits.add(c);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	private Collection<Ref> translateToLocalTips(Collection<Ref> want)
			throws IOException {
		String[] refs = want.stream().map(Ref::getName)
				.collect(Collectors.toSet()).toArray(String[]::new);
		Map<String, Ref> wantRefMap = local.getRefDatabase().exactRef(refs);
		return wantRefMap.values().stream()
				.filter(r -> getRefObjectId(r) != null)
				.collect(Collectors.toList());
	}

	/**
	 * Marks commits reachable.
	 *
	 * @param refsToMark
	 *            references that client is requesting to be marked.
	 */
	private void markReachableRefTips(Collection<Ref> refsToMark) {
		refsToMark.stream().map(BasePackFetchConnection::getRefObjectId)
				.filter(Objects::nonNull)
				.forEach(oid -> markReachable(oid));
	}

	private static ObjectId getRefObjectId(Ref ref) {
		ObjectId id = ref.getPeeledObjectId();
		if (id == null) {
			id = ref.getObjectId();
		}
		return id;
	}

	private void markReachable(ObjectId id) {
		try {
			RevCommit o = walk.parseCommit(id);
			if (!o.has(REACHABLE)) {
				o.add(REACHABLE);
				reachableCommits.add(o);
			}
		} catch (IOException readError) {
			// If we cannot read the value of the ref skip it.
		}
	}

	private boolean sendWants(Collection<Ref> want, PacketLineOut p,
			boolean hasObjects)
			throws IOException {
		boolean first = true;
		for (Ref r : want) {
			ObjectId objectId = r.getObjectId();
			if (objectId == null) {
				continue;
			}
			// if depth is set we need to fetch the objects even if they are already available
			if (transport.getDepth() == null
					// only check reachable objects when we have objects
					&& hasObjects) {
				try {
					if (walk.parseAny(objectId).has(REACHABLE)) {
						// We already have this object. Asking for it is
						// not a very good idea.
						//
						continue;
					}
				} catch (IOException err) {
					// Its OK, we don't have it, but we want to fix that
					// by fetching the object from the other side.
				}
			}

			final StringBuilder line = new StringBuilder(46);
			line.append(PACKET_WANT).append(objectId.name());
			if (first && TransferConfig.ProtocolVersion.V0
					.equals(getProtocolVersion())) {
				line.append(enableCapabilities());
			}
			first = false;
			line.append('\n');
			p.writeString(line.toString());
		}
		if (first) {
			return false;
		}
		if (!filterSpec.isNoOp()) {
			p.writeString(filterSpec.filterLine());
		}
		return true;
	}

	private Set<String> getCapabilitiesV2(Set<String> advertisedCapabilities)
			throws TransportException {
		Set<String> capabilities = new LinkedHashSet<>();
		// Protocol V2 is implicitly capable of all these.
		if (noProgress) {
			capabilities.add(OPTION_NO_PROGRESS);
		}
		if (includeTags) {
			capabilities.add(OPTION_INCLUDE_TAG);
		}
		if (allowOfsDelta) {
			capabilities.add(OPTION_OFS_DELTA);
		}
		if (thinPack) {
			capabilities.add(OPTION_THIN_PACK);
		}
		if (!filterSpec.isNoOp()
				&& !advertisedCapabilities.contains(OPTION_FILTER)) {
			throw new PackProtocolException(uri,
					JGitText.get().filterRequiresCapability);
		}
		// The FilterSpec will be added later in sendWants().
		return capabilities;
	}

	private String enableCapabilities() throws TransportException {
		final StringBuilder line = new StringBuilder();
		if (noProgress)
			wantCapability(line, OPTION_NO_PROGRESS);
		if (includeTags)
			includeTags = wantCapability(line, OPTION_INCLUDE_TAG);
		if (allowOfsDelta)
			wantCapability(line, OPTION_OFS_DELTA);

		if (wantCapability(line, OPTION_MULTI_ACK_DETAILED)) {
			multiAck = MultiAck.DETAILED;
			if (statelessRPC)
				noDone = wantCapability(line, OPTION_NO_DONE);
		} else if (wantCapability(line, OPTION_MULTI_ACK))
			multiAck = MultiAck.CONTINUE;
		else
			multiAck = MultiAck.OFF;

		if (thinPack)
			thinPack = wantCapability(line, OPTION_THIN_PACK);
		if (wantCapability(line, OPTION_SIDE_BAND_64K))
			sideband = true;
		else if (wantCapability(line, OPTION_SIDE_BAND))
			sideband = true;

		if (statelessRPC && multiAck != MultiAck.DETAILED) {
			// Our stateless RPC implementation relies upon the detailed
			// ACK status to tell us common objects for reuse in future
			// requests. If its not enabled, we can't talk to the peer.
			//
			throw new PackProtocolException(uri, MessageFormat.format(
					JGitText.get().statelessRPCRequiresOptionToBeEnabled,
					OPTION_MULTI_ACK_DETAILED));
		}

		if (!filterSpec.isNoOp() && !wantCapability(line, OPTION_FILTER)) {
			throw new PackProtocolException(uri,
					JGitText.get().filterRequiresCapability);
		}

		addUserAgentCapability(line);
		return line.toString();
	}

	private void negotiate(ProgressMonitor monitor, boolean mayHaveShallow, Set<ObjectId> shallowCommits)
			throws IOException, CancelledException {
		final MutableObjectId ackId = new MutableObjectId();
		int resultsPending = 0;
		int havesSent = 0;
		int havesSinceLastContinue = 0;
		boolean receivedContinue = false;
		boolean receivedAck = false;
		boolean receivedReady = false;

		if (statelessRPC) {
			state.writeTo(out, null);
		}

		negotiateBegin();
		SEND_HAVES: for (;;) {
			final RevCommit c = walk.next();
			if (c == null) {
				break SEND_HAVES;
			}

			ObjectId o = c.getId();
			pckOut.writeString(PACKET_HAVE + o.name() + '\n');
			havesSent++;
			havesSinceLastContinue++;

			if ((31 & havesSent) != 0) {
				// We group the have lines into blocks of 32, each marked
				// with a flush (aka end). This one is within a block so
				// continue with another have line.
				//
				continue;
			}

			if (monitor.isCancelled()) {
				throw new CancelledException();
			}

			pckOut.end();
			resultsPending++; // Each end will cause a result to come back.

			if (havesSent == 32 && !statelessRPC) {
				// On the first block we race ahead and try to send
				// more of the second block while waiting for the
				// remote to respond to our first block request.
				// This keeps us one block ahead of the peer.
				//
				continue;
			}

			READ_RESULT: for (;;) {
				final AckNackResult anr = pckIn.readACK(ackId);
				switch (anr) {
				case NAK:
					// More have lines are necessary to compute the
					// pack on the remote side. Keep doing that.
					//
					resultsPending--;
					break READ_RESULT;

				case ACK:
					// The remote side is happy and knows exactly what
					// to send us. There is no further negotiation and
					// we can break out immediately.
					//
					multiAck = MultiAck.OFF;
					resultsPending = 0;
					receivedAck = true;
					if (statelessRPC) {
						state.writeTo(out, null);
					}
					break SEND_HAVES;

				case ACK_CONTINUE:
				case ACK_COMMON:
				case ACK_READY:
					// The server knows this commit (ackId). We don't
					// need to send any further along its ancestry, but
					// we need to continue to talk about other parts of
					// our local history.
					//
					markCommon(walk.parseAny(ackId), anr, statelessRPC);
					receivedAck = true;
					receivedContinue = true;
					havesSinceLastContinue = 0;
					if (anr == AckNackResult.ACK_READY) {
						receivedReady = true;
					}
					break;
				}

				if (monitor.isCancelled()) {
					throw new CancelledException();
				}
			}

			if (noDone && receivedReady) {
				break SEND_HAVES;
			}
			if (statelessRPC) {
				state.writeTo(out, null);
			}

			if ((receivedContinue && havesSinceLastContinue > MAX_HAVES)
					|| havesSent >= maxHaves) {
				// Our history must be really different from the remote's.
				// We just sent a whole slew of have lines, and it did not
				// recognize any of them. Avoid sending our entire history
				// to them by giving up early.
				//
				break SEND_HAVES;
			}
		}

		// Tell the remote side we have run out of things to talk about.
		//
		if (monitor.isCancelled()) {
			throw new CancelledException();
		}

		if (!receivedReady || !noDone) {
			// When statelessRPC is true we should always leave SEND_HAVES
			// loop above while in the middle of a request. This allows us
			// to just write done immediately.
			//
			pckOut.writeString(PACKET_DONE + '\n');
			pckOut.flush();
		}

		if (!receivedAck) {
			// Apparently if we have never received an ACK earlier
			// there is one more result expected from the done we
			// just sent to the remote.
			//
			multiAck = MultiAck.OFF;
			resultsPending++;
		}

		if (mayHaveShallow) {
			String line = handleShallowUnshallow(shallowCommits, pckIn);
			if (!PacketLineIn.isEnd(line)) {
				throw new PackProtocolException(MessageFormat
						.format(JGitText.get().expectedGot, PACKET_END, line));
			}
		}

		READ_RESULT: while (resultsPending > 0 || multiAck != MultiAck.OFF) {
			final AckNackResult anr = pckIn.readACK(ackId);
			resultsPending--;
			switch (anr) {
			case NAK:
				// A NAK is a response to an end we queued earlier
				// we eat it and look for another ACK/NAK message.
				//
				break;

			case ACK:
				// A solitary ACK at this point means the remote won't
				// speak anymore, but is going to send us a pack now.
				//
				break READ_RESULT;

			case ACK_CONTINUE:
			case ACK_COMMON:
			case ACK_READY:
				// We will expect a normal ACK to break out of the loop.
				//
				multiAck = MultiAck.CONTINUE;
				break;
			}

			if (monitor.isCancelled()) {
				throw new CancelledException();
			}
		}
	}

	private void negotiateBegin() throws IOException {
		walk.resetRetain(REACHABLE, ADVERTISED);
		walk.markStart(reachableCommits);
		walk.sort(RevSort.COMMIT_TIME_DESC);
		walk.setRevFilter(new RevFilter() {
			@Override
			public RevFilter clone() {
				return this;
			}

			@Override
			public boolean include(RevWalk walker, RevCommit c) {
				final boolean remoteKnowsIsCommon = c.has(COMMON);
				if (c.has(ADVERTISED)) {
					// Remote advertised this, and we have it, hence common.
					// Whether or not the remote knows that fact is tested
					// before we added the flag. If the remote doesn't know
					// we have to still send them this object.
					//
					c.add(COMMON);
				}
				return !remoteKnowsIsCommon;
			}

			@Override
			public boolean requiresCommitBody() {
				return false;
			}
		});
	}

	private void markRefsAdvertised() {
		for (Ref r : getRefs()) {
			markAdvertised(r.getObjectId());
			if (r.getPeeledObjectId() != null)
				markAdvertised(r.getPeeledObjectId());
		}
	}

	private void markAdvertised(AnyObjectId id) {
		try {
			walk.parseAny(id).add(ADVERTISED);
		} catch (IOException readError) {
			// We probably just do not have this object locally.
		}
	}

	private void markCommon(RevObject obj, AckNackResult anr, boolean useState)
			throws IOException {
		if (useState && anr == AckNackResult.ACK_COMMON && !obj.has(STATE)) {
			pckState.writeString(PACKET_HAVE + obj.name() + '\n');
			obj.add(STATE);
		}
		obj.add(COMMON);
		if (obj instanceof RevCommit)
			((RevCommit) obj).carry(COMMON);
	}

	private void receivePack(final ProgressMonitor monitor,
			OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
		onReceivePack();
		InputStream input = in;
		SideBandInputStream sidebandIn = null;
		if (sideband) {
			sidebandIn = new SideBandInputStream(input, monitor,
					getMessageWriter(), outputStream);
			input = sidebandIn;
		}

		try (ObjectInserter ins = local.newObjectInserter()) {
			PackParser parser = ins.newPackParser(input);
			parser.setAllowThin(thinPack);
			parser.setObjectChecker(transport.getObjectChecker());
			parser.setLockMessage(lockMessage);
			packLock = parser.parse(monitor);
			ins.flush();
		} finally {
			if (sidebandIn != null) {
				sidebandIn.drainMessages();
			}
		}
	}

	private void sendShallow(Set<ObjectId> shallowCommits, PacketLineOut output)
			throws IOException {
		for (ObjectId shallowCommit : shallowCommits) {
			output.writeString(PACKET_SHALLOW + shallowCommit.name());
		}

		if (depth != null) {
			output.writeString(PACKET_DEEPEN + depth);
		}

		if (deepenSince != null) {
			output.writeString(
					PACKET_DEEPEN_SINCE + deepenSince.getEpochSecond());
		}

		if (deepenNots != null) {
			for (String deepenNotRef : deepenNots) {
				output.writeString(PACKET_DEEPEN_NOT + deepenNotRef);
			}
		}
	}

	private String handleShallowUnshallow(
			Set<ObjectId> advertisedShallowCommits, PacketLineIn input)
			throws IOException {
		String line = input.readString();
		ObjectDatabase objectDatabase = local.getObjectDatabase();
		HashSet<ObjectId> newShallowCommits = new HashSet<>(
				advertisedShallowCommits);
		while (!PacketLineIn.isDelimiter(line) && !PacketLineIn.isEnd(line)) {
			if (line.startsWith(PACKET_SHALLOW)) {
				newShallowCommits.add(ObjectId
						.fromString(line.substring(PACKET_SHALLOW.length())));
			} else if (line.startsWith(PACKET_UNSHALLOW)) {
				ObjectId unshallow = ObjectId
						.fromString(line.substring(PACKET_UNSHALLOW.length()));
				if (!advertisedShallowCommits.contains(unshallow)) {
					throw new PackProtocolException(MessageFormat.format(
							JGitText.get().notShallowedUnshallow,
							unshallow.name()));
				}
				newShallowCommits.remove(unshallow);
			}
			line = input.readString();
		}
		objectDatabase.setShallowCommits(newShallowCommits);
		return line;
	}

	/**
	 * Notification event delivered just before the pack is received from the
	 * network. This event can be used by RPC such as {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.TransportHttp} to
	 * disable its request magic and ensure the pack stream is read correctly.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	protected void onReceivePack() {
		// By default do nothing for TCP based protocols.
	}

	private static class CancelledException extends Exception {
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	}

	private static class FetchStateV2 {

		long havesToSend = 32;

		long havesTotal;

		// Set to true if we got at least one ACK in protocol V2.
		boolean hadAcks;

		// Counts haves without ACK. Use as cutoff for negotiation only once
		// hadAcks == true.
		long havesWithoutAck;

		void incHavesToSend(boolean statelessRPC) {
			if (statelessRPC) {
				// Increase this quicker since connection setup costs accumulate
				if (havesToSend < 16384) {
					havesToSend *= 2;
				} else {
					havesToSend = havesToSend * 11 / 10;
				}
			} else {
				havesToSend += 32;
			}
		}
	}
}