Merge branch 'stable-3.3' into stable-3.4

* stable-3.3:
  Set version to 3.3.9-SNAPSHOT
  Set version to 3.3.8
  Set version to 3.2.15-SNAPSHOT
  Set version to 3.2.14
  Set version to 2.16.29-SNAPSHOT
  Set version to 2.16.28
  Use JGit 5.1.15.202012011955-r javadoc to resume release build
  Avoid lucene index deletes during offline reindexing
  Remove bazel workaround
  Fix group suggestions
  Fix group suggestions
  Display cache stats after reindex operation
  Fix AllProjectsIndexer to avoid duplicate reindex work
  Rename ProjectCache.evict() to ProjectCache.evictAndReindex()
  AllChangesIndexer: Parallelize project slice creation
  AllChangesIndexer: Avoid scanning for change refs in each slice
  Allow context-dependent group suggestions in gr-permission
  doc: document how to get flat html doc files

Change-Id: Ia13507c3922c6c3c95fedc90e85830f25e142093
diff --git a/.bazelrc b/.bazelrc
index 6ccd56a..b4eafb1 100644
--- a/.bazelrc
+++ b/.bazelrc
@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@
 
 build --announce_rc
 
-# Workaround Bazel worker crash (remove after upgrading to 4.1.0)
-# https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/13333
-build --experimental_worker_multiplex=false
-
 test --build_tests_only
 test --test_output=errors
 test --java_toolchain=//tools:error_prone_warnings_toolchain_java11
diff --git a/Documentation/dev-bazel.txt b/Documentation/dev-bazel.txt
index 61565f8..314223e 100644
--- a/Documentation/dev-bazel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/dev-bazel.txt
@@ -268,7 +268,15 @@
   bazel-bin/Documentation/searchfree.zip
 ----
 
-To build the executable WAR with the documentation included:
+To generate HTML files skipping the zip archiving:
+
+----
+  bazel build Documentation
+----
+
+And open `bazel-bin/Documentation/index.html`.
+
+To build the Gerrit executable WAR with the documentation included:
 
 ----
   bazel build withdocs
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/AbstractDaemonTest.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/AbstractDaemonTest.java
index b05050d..1628375 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/AbstractDaemonTest.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/AbstractDaemonTest.java
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@
       ProjectConfig config = projectConfigFactory.read(md);
       config.updateProject(p -> p.setBooleanConfig(BooleanProjectConfig.USE_SIGNED_OFF_BY, value));
       config.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
     }
   }
 
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@
       ProjectConfig config = projectConfigFactory.read(md);
       config.updateProject(p -> p.setBooleanConfig(BooleanProjectConfig.REQUIRE_CHANGE_ID, value));
       config.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
     }
   }
 
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@
       projectConfig.commit(metaDataUpdate);
       metaDataUpdate.close();
       metaDataUpdate = null;
-      projectCache.evict(projectConfig.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(projectConfig.getProject());
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledAccountIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledAccountIndex.java
index 271d15c..7bd0c73 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledAccountIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledAccountIndex.java
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(AccountState obj) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("AccountIndex is disabled");
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void replace(AccountState obj) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("AccountIndex is disabled");
   }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledChangeIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledChangeIndex.java
index 34f72f5c..7671ad4 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledChangeIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledChangeIndex.java
@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(ChangeData obj) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ChangeIndex is disabled");
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void replace(ChangeData obj) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ChangeIndex is disabled");
   }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledProjectIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledProjectIndex.java
index ed119ff..2e3dd90 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledProjectIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/DisabledProjectIndex.java
@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(ProjectData obj) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ProjectIndex is disabled");
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void replace(ProjectData obj) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("ProjectIndex is disabled");
   }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetter.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetter.java
index d885303..46f7496 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetter.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetter.java
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
         Sets.union(
             projectsWithConfigChanges(restoredRefsByProject),
             projectsWithConfigChanges(deletedRefsByProject))) {
-      projectCache.evict(project);
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(project);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ReadOnlyChangeIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ReadOnlyChangeIndex.java
index e943519..f7a0669 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ReadOnlyChangeIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ReadOnlyChangeIndex.java
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(ChangeData obj) {
+    // do nothing
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void replace(ChangeData obj) {
     // do nothing
   }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/project/ProjectOperationsImpl.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/project/ProjectOperationsImpl.java
index e7354ab..394f0f8 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/project/ProjectOperationsImpl.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/project/ProjectOperationsImpl.java
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
         setExclusiveGroupPermissions(projectConfig, projectUpdate.exclusiveGroupPermissions());
         projectConfig.commit(metaDataUpdate);
       }
-      projectCache.evict(nameKey);
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(nameKey);
     }
 
     private void removePermissions(
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
 
         setConfig(projectConfig);
         try {
-          projectCache.evict(nameKey);
+          projectCache.evictAndReindex(nameKey);
         } catch (Exception e) {
           // Evicting the project from the cache, also triggers a reindex of the project.
           // The reindex step fails if the project config is invalid. That's fine, since it was our
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
         testProjectInvalidation.projectConfigUpdater().forEach(c -> c.accept(projectConfig));
         setConfig(projectConfig);
         try {
-          projectCache.evict(nameKey);
+          projectCache.evictAndReindex(nameKey);
         } catch (Exception e) {
           // Evicting the project from the cache, also triggers a reindex of the project.
           // The reindex step fails if the project config is invalid. That's fine, since it was our
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/elasticsearch/AbstractElasticIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/elasticsearch/AbstractElasticIndex.java
index 44a377a..6ed1a51 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/elasticsearch/AbstractElasticIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/elasticsearch/AbstractElasticIndex.java
@@ -178,6 +178,12 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(V obj) {
+    // TODO: Implement real insert() if it helps performance
+    replace(obj);
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void deleteAll() {
     // Delete the index, if it exists.
     String endpoint = indexName + client.adapter().indicesExistParams();
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/index/Index.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/index/Index.java
index 44f8b42..e662bc8 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/index/Index.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/index/Index.java
@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@
   void close();
 
   /**
+   * Insert a document into the index.
+   *
+   * <p>Results may not be immediately visible to searchers, but should be visible within a
+   * reasonable amount of time.
+   *
+   * @param obj document object
+   */
+  void insert(V obj);
+
+  /**
    * Update a document in the index.
    *
    * <p>Semantically equivalent to deleting the document and reinserting it with new field values. A
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/ChangeSubIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/ChangeSubIndex.java
index 36f800f..475dac4 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/ChangeSubIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/ChangeSubIndex.java
@@ -90,6 +90,11 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(ChangeData obj) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("don't use ChangeSubIndex directly");
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void replace(ChangeData obj) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("don't use ChangeSubIndex directly");
   }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneAccountIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneAccountIndex.java
index 87b7cce..c4a5240 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneAccountIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneAccountIndex.java
@@ -144,6 +144,15 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(AccountState as) {
+    try {
+      insert(toDocument(as)).get();
+    } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
+      throw new StorageException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void delete(Account.Id key) {
     try {
       delete(idTerm(getSchema().useLegacyNumericFields(), key)).get();
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneChangeIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneChangeIndex.java
index 201c4a3..66fbda9 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneChangeIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneChangeIndex.java
@@ -291,6 +291,23 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(ChangeData cd) {
+    Term id = LuceneChangeIndex.idTerm(idTerm, idField, cd);
+    // toDocument is essentially static and doesn't depend on the specific
+    // sub-index, so just pick one.
+    Document doc = openIndex.toDocument(cd);
+    try {
+      if (cd.change().isNew()) {
+        openIndex.insert(doc).get();
+      } else {
+        closedIndex.insert(doc).get();
+      }
+    } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
+      throw new StorageException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void delete(Change.Id changeId) {
     Term id = LuceneChangeIndex.idTerm(idTerm, idField, changeId);
     try {
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneGroupIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneGroupIndex.java
index 816739b..f7a2248 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneGroupIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneGroupIndex.java
@@ -125,6 +125,15 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(InternalGroup group) {
+    try {
+      insert(toDocument(group)).get();
+    } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
+      throw new StorageException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void delete(AccountGroup.UUID key) {
     try {
       delete(idTerm(key)).get();
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneProjectIndex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneProjectIndex.java
index 7e7aecb..11707be 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneProjectIndex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/lucene/LuceneProjectIndex.java
@@ -125,6 +125,15 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(ProjectData projectState) {
+    try {
+      insert(toDocument(projectState)).get();
+    } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
+      throw new StorageException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void delete(Project.NameKey nameKey) {
     try {
       delete(idTerm(nameKey)).get();
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/Reindex.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/Reindex.java
index 0872340..9f2e7a7 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/Reindex.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/Reindex.java
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@
 import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;
 
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.gerrit.common.Die;
 import com.google.gerrit.elasticsearch.ElasticIndexModule;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.config.FactoryModule;
+import com.google.gerrit.extensions.registration.DynamicMap;
 import com.google.gerrit.index.Index;
 import com.google.gerrit.index.IndexDefinition;
 import com.google.gerrit.index.IndexType;
@@ -29,17 +31,24 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.lucene.LuceneIndexModule;
 import com.google.gerrit.pgm.util.BatchProgramModule;
 import com.google.gerrit.pgm.util.SiteProgram;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheDisplay;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.change.ChangeResource;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.GerritServerConfig;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.IndexModule;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.change.ChangeSchemaDefinitions;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.options.AutoFlush;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.index.options.IsFirstInsertForEntry;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.plugins.PluginGuiceEnvironment;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.util.ReplicaUtil;
+import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Injector;
 import com.google.inject.Key;
 import com.google.inject.Module;
+import com.google.inject.multibindings.OptionalBinder;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -48,6 +57,8 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.NullOutputStream;
 import org.kohsuke.args4j.Option;
@@ -78,6 +89,7 @@
   private Config globalConfig;
 
   @Inject private Collection<IndexDefinition<?, ?, ?>> indexDefs;
+  @Inject private DynamicMap<Cache<?, ?>> cacheMap;
 
   @Override
   public int run() throws Exception {
@@ -163,6 +175,16 @@
       throw new IllegalStateException("unsupported index.type = " + indexType);
     }
     modules.add(indexModule);
+    modules.add(
+        new AbstractModule() {
+          @Override
+          protected void configure() {
+            super.configure();
+            OptionalBinder.newOptionalBinder(binder(), IsFirstInsertForEntry.class)
+                .setBinding()
+                .toInstance(IsFirstInsertForEntry.YES);
+          }
+        });
     modules.add(new BatchProgramModule(dbInjector));
     modules.add(
         new FactoryModule() {
@@ -210,6 +232,20 @@
     System.out.format(
         "Index %s in version %d is %sready\n",
         def.getName(), index.getSchema().getVersion(), result.success() ? "" : "NOT ");
+
+    try (Writer sw = new StringWriter()) {
+      sw.write(String.format("Cache Statistics at the end of reindexing %s\n", def.getName()));
+      new CacheDisplay(
+              sw,
+              StreamSupport.stream(cacheMap.spliterator(), false)
+                  .map(e -> new CacheInfo(e.getExportName(), e.get()))
+                  .collect(Collectors.toList()))
+          .displayCaches();
+      System.out.print(sw.toString());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      System.out.format("Error displaying the cache statistics\n" + e.getMessage());
+    }
+
     return result.success();
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/util/BatchProgramModule.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/util/BatchProgramModule.java
index 508f96c..71aec5b 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/util/BatchProgramModule.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/pgm/util/BatchProgramModule.java
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
     // We're just running through each change
     // once, so don't worry about cache removal.
     bind(new TypeLiteral<DynamicSet<CacheRemovalListener>>() {}).toInstance(DynamicSet.emptySet());
-    bind(new TypeLiteral<DynamicMap<Cache<?, ?>>>() {}).toInstance(DynamicMap.emptyMap());
+    DynamicMap.mapOf(binder(), new TypeLiteral<Cache<?, ?>>() {});
     bind(new TypeLiteral<List<CommentLinkInfo>>() {})
         .toProvider(CommentLinkProvider.class)
         .in(SINGLETON);
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CreateGroupPermissionSyncer.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CreateGroupPermissionSyncer.java
index 6c76de7..60f3d4b 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CreateGroupPermissionSyncer.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CreateGroupPermissionSyncer.java
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
           });
 
       config.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/cache/CacheDisplay.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/cache/CacheDisplay.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60f5186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/cache/CacheDisplay.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.server.cache;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+public class CacheDisplay {
+
+  private final Writer stdout;
+  private final int nw;
+  private final Collection<CacheInfo> caches;
+
+  public CacheDisplay(Writer stdout, int nw, Collection<CacheInfo> caches) {
+    this.stdout = stdout;
+    this.nw = nw;
+    this.caches = caches;
+  }
+
+  public CacheDisplay(Writer stdout, Collection<CacheInfo> caches) {
+    this(stdout, 30, caches);
+  }
+
+  public void displayCaches() throws IOException {
+    stdout.write(
+        String.format( //
+            "%1s %-" + nw + "s|%-21s|  %-5s |%-9s|\n" //
+            ,
+            "" //
+            ,
+            "Name" //
+            ,
+            "Entries" //
+            ,
+            "AvgGet" //
+            ,
+            "Hit Ratio" //
+            ));
+    stdout.write(
+        String.format( //
+            "%1s %-" + nw + "s|%6s %6s %7s|  %-5s  |%-4s %-4s|\n" //
+            ,
+            "" //
+            ,
+            "" //
+            ,
+            "Mem" //
+            ,
+            "Disk" //
+            ,
+            "Space" //
+            ,
+            "" //
+            ,
+            "Mem" //
+            ,
+            "Disk" //
+            ));
+    stdout.write("--");
+    for (int i = 0; i < nw; i++) {
+      stdout.write('-');
+    }
+    stdout.write("+---------------------+---------+---------+\n");
+    printMemoryCoreCaches(caches);
+    printMemoryPluginCaches(caches);
+    printDiskCaches(caches);
+    stdout.write('\n');
+  }
+
+  private void printMemoryCoreCaches(Collection<CacheInfo> caches) throws IOException {
+    for (CacheInfo cache : caches) {
+      if (!cache.name.contains("-") && CacheInfo.CacheType.MEM.equals(cache.type)) {
+        printCache(cache);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void printMemoryPluginCaches(Collection<CacheInfo> caches) throws IOException {
+    for (CacheInfo cache : caches) {
+      if (cache.name.contains("-") && CacheInfo.CacheType.MEM.equals(cache.type)) {
+        printCache(cache);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void printDiskCaches(Collection<CacheInfo> caches) throws IOException {
+    for (CacheInfo cache : caches) {
+      if (CacheInfo.CacheType.DISK.equals(cache.type)) {
+        printCache(cache);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void printCache(CacheInfo cache) throws IOException {
+    stdout.write(
+        String.format(
+            "%1s %-" + nw + "s|%6s %6s %7s| %7s |%4s %4s|\n",
+            CacheInfo.CacheType.DISK.equals(cache.type) ? "D" : "",
+            cache.name,
+            nullToEmpty(cache.entries.mem),
+            nullToEmpty(cache.entries.disk),
+            Strings.nullToEmpty(cache.entries.space),
+            Strings.nullToEmpty(cache.averageGet),
+            formatAsPercent(cache.hitRatio.mem),
+            formatAsPercent(cache.hitRatio.disk)));
+  }
+
+  private static String nullToEmpty(Long l) {
+    return l != null ? String.valueOf(l) : "";
+  }
+
+  private static String formatAsPercent(Integer i) {
+    return i != null ? i + "%" : "";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/cache/CacheInfo.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/cache/CacheInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6eb065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/cache/CacheInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.server.cache;
+
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheStats;
+
+public class CacheInfo {
+
+  public String name;
+  public CacheType type;
+  public EntriesInfo entries;
+  public String averageGet;
+  public HitRatioInfo hitRatio;
+
+  public CacheInfo(Cache<?, ?> cache) {
+    this(null, cache);
+  }
+
+  public CacheInfo(String name, Cache<?, ?> cache) {
+    this.name = name;
+
+    CacheStats stat = cache.stats();
+
+    entries = new EntriesInfo();
+    entries.setMem(cache.size());
+
+    averageGet = duration(stat.averageLoadPenalty());
+
+    hitRatio = new HitRatioInfo();
+    hitRatio.setMem(stat.hitCount(), stat.requestCount());
+
+    if (cache instanceof PersistentCache) {
+      type = CacheType.DISK;
+      PersistentCache.DiskStats diskStats = ((PersistentCache) cache).diskStats();
+      entries.setDisk(diskStats.size());
+      entries.setSpace(diskStats.space());
+      hitRatio.setDisk(diskStats.hitCount(), diskStats.requestCount());
+    } else {
+      type = CacheType.MEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static String duration(double ns) {
+    if (ns < 0.5) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    String suffix = "ns";
+    if (ns >= 1000.0) {
+      ns /= 1000.0;
+      suffix = "us";
+    }
+    if (ns >= 1000.0) {
+      ns /= 1000.0;
+      suffix = "ms";
+    }
+    if (ns >= 1000.0) {
+      ns /= 1000.0;
+      suffix = "s";
+    }
+    return String.format("%4.1f%s", ns, suffix).trim();
+  }
+
+  public static class EntriesInfo {
+    public Long mem;
+    public Long disk;
+    public String space;
+
+    public void setMem(long mem) {
+      this.mem = mem != 0 ? mem : null;
+    }
+
+    public void setDisk(long disk) {
+      this.disk = disk != 0 ? disk : null;
+    }
+
+    public void setSpace(double value) {
+      space = bytes(value);
+    }
+
+    private static String bytes(double value) {
+      value /= 1024;
+      String suffix = "k";
+
+      if (value > 1024) {
+        value /= 1024;
+        suffix = "m";
+      }
+      if (value > 1024) {
+        value /= 1024;
+        suffix = "g";
+      }
+      return String.format("%1$6.2f%2$s", value, suffix).trim();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class HitRatioInfo {
+    public Integer mem;
+    public Integer disk;
+
+    public void setMem(long value, long total) {
+      mem = percent(value, total);
+    }
+
+    public void setDisk(long value, long total) {
+      disk = percent(value, total);
+    }
+
+    private static Integer percent(long value, long total) {
+      if (total <= 0) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return (int) ((100 * value) / total);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public enum CacheType {
+    MEM,
+    DISK
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/git/receive/ReceiveCommits.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/git/receive/ReceiveCommits.java
index 1006c23..cca8681 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/git/receive/ReceiveCommits.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/git/receive/ReceiveCommits.java
@@ -3151,7 +3151,7 @@
       }
       if (isConfig(cmd)) {
         logger.atFine().log("Reloading project in cache");
-        projectCache.evict(project);
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(project);
         ProjectState ps =
             projectCache.get(project.getNameKey()).orElseThrow(illegalState(project.getNameKey()));
         try {
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/group/db/RenameGroupOp.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/group/db/RenameGroupOp.java
index 843b346..257bc16 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/group/db/RenameGroupOp.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/group/db/RenameGroupOp.java
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
       //
       GroupReference ref = config.getGroup(uuid);
       if (ref == null || newName.equals(ref.getName())) {
-        projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
         return;
       }
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
       md.setMessage("Rename group " + oldName + " to " + newName + "\n");
       try {
         config.commit(md);
-        projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
         success = true;
       } catch (IOException e) {
         logger.atSevere().withCause(e).log(
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/IndexModule.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/IndexModule.java
index 17665c0..8b04c8d 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/IndexModule.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/IndexModule.java
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.group.GroupIndexer;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.group.GroupIndexerImpl;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.group.GroupSchemaDefinitions;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.index.options.IsFirstInsertForEntry;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.project.ProjectIndexDefinition;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.project.ProjectIndexerImpl;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
 import com.google.inject.Provides;
 import com.google.inject.ProvisionException;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
+import com.google.inject.multibindings.OptionalBinder;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -143,6 +145,9 @@
     }
 
     DynamicSet.setOf(binder(), OnlineUpgradeListener.class);
+    OptionalBinder.newOptionalBinder(binder(), IsFirstInsertForEntry.class)
+        .setDefault()
+        .toInstance(IsFirstInsertForEntry.NO);
   }
 
   @Provides
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/account/AllAccountsIndexer.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/account/AllAccountsIndexer.java
index 63889b7..ec27db0 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/account/AllAccountsIndexer.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/account/AllAccountsIndexer.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.account.AccountState;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.account.Accounts;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.IndexExecutor;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.index.options.IsFirstInsertForEntry;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -50,15 +51,18 @@
   private final ListeningExecutorService executor;
   private final Accounts accounts;
   private final AccountCache accountCache;
+  private final IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry;
 
   @Inject
   AllAccountsIndexer(
       @IndexExecutor(BATCH) ListeningExecutorService executor,
       Accounts accounts,
-      AccountCache accountCache) {
+      AccountCache accountCache,
+      IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry) {
     this.executor = executor;
     this.accounts = accounts;
     this.accountCache = accountCache;
+    this.isFirstInsertForEntry = isFirstInsertForEntry;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -92,7 +96,11 @@
                 try {
                   Optional<AccountState> a = accountCache.get(id);
                   if (a.isPresent()) {
-                    index.replace(a.get());
+                    if (isFirstInsertForEntry.equals(isFirstInsertForEntry.YES)) {
+                      index.insert(a.get());
+                    } else {
+                      index.replace(a.get());
+                    }
                   } else {
                     index.delete(id);
                   }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/AllChangesIndexer.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/AllChangesIndexer.java
index ab42e5a..30205b6 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/AllChangesIndexer.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/AllChangesIndexer.java
@@ -20,15 +20,16 @@
 import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors.directExecutor;
 import static com.google.gerrit.server.git.QueueProvider.QueueType.BATCH;
 
+import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
 import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
-import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Change;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Project;
-import com.google.gerrit.entities.RefNames;
 import com.google.gerrit.index.SiteIndexer;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.git.GitRepositoryManager;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.git.MultiProgressMonitor;
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.OnlineReindexMode;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.notedb.ChangeNotes;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.notedb.ChangeNotes.Factory.ChangeNotesResult;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.notedb.ChangeNotes.Factory.ScanResult;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.project.ProjectCache;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.query.change.ChangeData;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
@@ -44,11 +46,13 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.RepositoryNotFoundException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ProgressMonitor;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Repository;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.TextProgressMonitor;
@@ -62,6 +66,14 @@
   private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
   private static final int PROJECT_SLICE_MAX_REFS = 1000;
 
+  private static class ProjectsCollectionFailure extends Exception {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    public ProjectsCollectionFailure(String message) {
+      super(message);
+    }
+  }
+
   private final ChangeData.Factory changeDataFactory;
   private final GitRepositoryManager repoManager;
   private final ListeningExecutorService executor;
@@ -85,103 +97,58 @@
     this.projectCache = projectCache;
   }
 
-  private static class ProjectSlice {
-    private final Project.NameKey name;
-    private final int slice;
-    private final int slices;
+  @AutoValue
+  public abstract static class ProjectSlice {
+    public abstract Project.NameKey name();
 
-    ProjectSlice(Project.NameKey name, int slice, int slices) {
-      this.name = name;
-      this.slice = slice;
-      this.slices = slices;
-    }
+    public abstract int slice();
 
-    public Project.NameKey getName() {
-      return name;
-    }
+    public abstract int slices();
 
-    public int getSlice() {
-      return slice;
-    }
+    public abstract ScanResult scanResult();
 
-    public int getSlices() {
-      return slices;
+    private static ProjectSlice create(Project.NameKey name, int slice, int slices, ScanResult sr) {
+      return new AutoValue_AllChangesIndexer_ProjectSlice(name, slice, slices, sr);
     }
   }
 
   @Override
   public Result indexAll(ChangeIndex index) {
-    ProgressMonitor pm = new TextProgressMonitor();
-    pm.beginTask("Collecting projects", ProgressMonitor.UNKNOWN);
-    List<ProjectSlice> projectSlices = new ArrayList<>();
-    int changeCount = 0;
-    Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.createStarted();
-    int projectsFailed = 0;
-    for (Project.NameKey name : projectCache.all()) {
-      try (Repository repo = repoManager.openRepository(name)) {
-        // The simplest approach to distribute indexing would be to let each thread grab a project
-        // and index it fully. But if a site has one big project and 100s of small projects, then
-        // in the beginning all CPUs would be busy reindexing projects. But soon enough all small
-        // projects have been reindexed, and only the thread that reindexes the big project is
-        // still working. The other threads would idle. Reindexing the big project on a single
-        // thread becomes the critical path. Bringing in more CPUs would not speed up things.
-        //
-        // To avoid such situations, we split big repos into smaller parts and let
-        // the thread pool index these smaller parts. This splitting introduces an overhead in the
-        // workload setup and there might be additional slow-downs from multiple threads
-        // concurrently working on different parts of the same project. But for Wikimedia's Gerrit,
-        // which had 2 big projects, many middle sized ones, and lots of smaller ones, the
-        // splitting of repos into smaller parts reduced indexing time from 1.5 hours to 55 minutes
-        // in 2020.
-        int size = estimateSize(repo);
-        if (size == 0) {
-          pm.update(1);
-          continue;
-        }
-        changeCount += size;
-        int slices = 1 + size / PROJECT_SLICE_MAX_REFS;
-        if (slices > 1) {
-          verboseWriter.println("Submitting " + name + " for indexing in " + slices + " slices");
-        }
-        for (int slice = 0; slice < slices; slice++) {
-          projectSlices.add(new ProjectSlice(name, slice, slices));
-        }
-      } catch (IOException e) {
-        logger.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Error collecting project %s", name);
-        projectsFailed++;
-        if (projectsFailed > projectCache.all().size() / 2) {
-          logger.atSevere().log("Over 50%% of the projects could not be collected: aborted");
-          return Result.create(sw, false, 0, 0);
-        }
-      }
-      pm.update(1);
-    }
-    pm.endTask();
-    setTotalWork(changeCount);
+    // The simplest approach to distribute indexing would be to let each thread grab a project
+    // and index it fully. But if a site has one big project and 100s of small projects, then
+    // in the beginning all CPUs would be busy reindexing projects. But soon enough all small
+    // projects have been reindexed, and only the thread that reindexes the big project is
+    // still working. The other threads would idle. Reindexing the big project on a single
+    // thread becomes the critical path. Bringing in more CPUs would not speed up things.
+    //
+    // To avoid such situations, we split big repos into smaller parts and let
+    // the thread pool index these smaller parts. This splitting introduces an overhead in the
+    // workload setup and there might be additional slow-downs from multiple threads
+    // concurrently working on different parts of the same project. But for Wikimedia's Gerrit,
+    // which had 2 big projects, many middle sized ones, and lots of smaller ones, the
+    // splitting of repos into smaller parts reduced indexing time from 1.5 hours to 55 minutes
+    // in 2020.
 
-    // projectSlices are currently grouped by projects. First all slices for project1, followed
-    // by all slices for project2, and so on. As workers pick tasks sequentially, multiple threads
-    // would typically work concurrently on different slices of the same project. While this is not
-    // a big issue, shuffling the list beforehand helps with ungrouping the project slices, so
-    // different slices are less likely to be worked on concurrently.
+    Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.createStarted();
+    List<ProjectSlice> projectSlices;
+    try {
+      projectSlices = new SliceCreator().create();
+    } catch (ProjectsCollectionFailure | InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+      logger.atSevere().log(e.getMessage());
+      return Result.create(sw, false, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Since project slices are created in parallel, they are somewhat shuffled already. However,
+    // the number of threads used to create the project slices doesn't guarantee good randomization.
+    // If the slices are not shuffled well, then multiple threads would typically work concurrently
+    // on different slices of the same project. While this is not a big issue, shuffling the list
+    // beforehand helps with ungrouping the project slices, so different slices are less likely to
+    // be worked on concurrently.
     // This shuffling gave a 6% runtime reduction for Wikimedia's Gerrit in 2020.
     Collections.shuffle(projectSlices);
     return indexAll(index, projectSlices);
   }
 
-  private int estimateSize(Repository repo) throws IOException {
-    // Estimate size based on IDs that show up in ref names. This is not perfect, since patch set
-    // refs may exist for changes whose metadata was never successfully stored. But that's ok, as
-    // the estimate is just used as a heuristic for sorting projects.
-    long size =
-        repo.getRefDatabase().getRefsByPrefix(RefNames.REFS_CHANGES).stream()
-            .map(r -> Change.Id.fromRef(r.getName()))
-            .filter(Objects::nonNull)
-            .distinct()
-            .count();
-    return Ints.saturatedCast(size);
-  }
-
   private SiteIndexer.Result indexAll(ChangeIndex index, List<ProjectSlice> projectSlices) {
     Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.createStarted();
     MultiProgressMonitor mpm = new MultiProgressMonitor(progressOut, "Reindexing changes");
@@ -194,9 +161,9 @@
     AtomicBoolean ok = new AtomicBoolean(true);
 
     for (ProjectSlice projectSlice : projectSlices) {
-      Project.NameKey name = projectSlice.getName();
-      int slice = projectSlice.getSlice();
-      int slices = projectSlice.getSlices();
+      Project.NameKey name = projectSlice.name();
+      int slice = projectSlice.slice();
+      int slices = projectSlice.slices();
       ListenableFuture<?> future =
           executor.submit(
               reindexProject(
@@ -204,6 +171,7 @@
                   name,
                   slice,
                   slices,
+                  projectSlice.scanResult(),
                   doneTask,
                   failedTask));
       String description = "project " + name + " (" + slice + "/" + slices + ")";
@@ -244,7 +212,13 @@
 
   public Callable<Void> reindexProject(
       ChangeIndexer indexer, Project.NameKey project, Task done, Task failed) {
-    return reindexProject(indexer, project, 0, 1, done, failed);
+    try (Repository repo = repoManager.openRepository(project)) {
+      return reindexProject(
+          indexer, project, 0, 1, ChangeNotes.Factory.scanChangeIds(repo), done, failed);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.atSevere().log(e.getMessage());
+      return null;
+    }
   }
 
   public Callable<Void> reindexProject(
@@ -252,9 +226,10 @@
       Project.NameKey project,
       int slice,
       int slices,
+      ScanResult scanResult,
       Task done,
       Task failed) {
-    return new ProjectIndexer(indexer, project, slice, slices, done, failed);
+    return new ProjectIndexer(indexer, project, slice, slices, scanResult, done, failed);
   }
 
   private class ProjectIndexer implements Callable<Void> {
@@ -262,6 +237,7 @@
     private final Project.NameKey project;
     private final int slice;
     private final int slices;
+    private final ScanResult scanResult;
     private final ProgressMonitor done;
     private final ProgressMonitor failed;
 
@@ -270,32 +246,30 @@
         Project.NameKey project,
         int slice,
         int slices,
+        ScanResult scanResult,
         ProgressMonitor done,
         ProgressMonitor failed) {
       this.indexer = indexer;
       this.project = project;
       this.slice = slice;
       this.slices = slices;
+      this.scanResult = scanResult;
       this.done = done;
       this.failed = failed;
     }
 
     @Override
     public Void call() throws Exception {
-      try (Repository repo = repoManager.openRepository(project)) {
-        OnlineReindexMode.begin();
-
-        // Order of scanning changes is undefined. This is ok if we assume that packfile locality is
-        // not important for indexing, since sites should have a fully populated DiffSummary cache.
-        // It does mean that reindexing after invalidating the DiffSummary cache will be expensive,
-        // but the goal is to invalidate that cache as infrequently as we possibly can. And besides,
-        // we don't have concrete proof that improving packfile locality would help.
-        notesFactory.scan(repo, project, id -> (id.get() % slices) == slice).forEach(r -> index(r));
-      } catch (RepositoryNotFoundException rnfe) {
-        logger.atSevere().log(rnfe.getMessage());
-      } finally {
-        OnlineReindexMode.end();
-      }
+      OnlineReindexMode.begin();
+      // Order of scanning changes is undefined. This is ok if we assume that packfile locality is
+      // not important for indexing, since sites should have a fully populated DiffSummary cache.
+      // It does mean that reindexing after invalidating the DiffSummary cache will be expensive,
+      // but the goal is to invalidate that cache as infrequently as we possibly can. And besides,
+      // we don't have concrete proof that improving packfile locality would help.
+      notesFactory
+          .scan(scanResult, project, id -> (id.get() % slices) == slice)
+          .forEach(r -> index(r));
+      OnlineReindexMode.end();
       return null;
     }
 
@@ -335,4 +309,63 @@
       return "Index all changes of project " + project.get();
     }
   }
+
+  private class SliceCreator {
+    final Set<ProjectSlice> projectSlices = Sets.newConcurrentHashSet();
+    final AtomicInteger changeCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    final AtomicInteger projectsFailed = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    final ProgressMonitor pm = new TextProgressMonitor();
+
+    private List<ProjectSlice> create()
+        throws ProjectsCollectionFailure, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+      List<ListenableFuture<?>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
+      pm.beginTask("Collecting projects", ProgressMonitor.UNKNOWN);
+      for (Project.NameKey name : projectCache.all()) {
+        futures.add(executor.submit(new ProjectSliceCreator(name)));
+      }
+
+      Futures.allAsList(futures).get();
+
+      if (projectsFailed.get() > projectCache.all().size() / 2) {
+        throw new ProjectsCollectionFailure(
+            "Over 50%% of the projects could not be collected: aborted");
+      }
+
+      pm.endTask();
+      setTotalWork(changeCount.get());
+      return projectSlices.stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    private class ProjectSliceCreator implements Callable<Void> {
+      final Project.NameKey name;
+
+      public ProjectSliceCreator(Project.NameKey name) {
+        this.name = name;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Void call() throws IOException {
+        try (Repository repo = repoManager.openRepository(name)) {
+          ScanResult sr = ChangeNotes.Factory.scanChangeIds(repo);
+          int size = sr.all().size();
+          if (size > 0) {
+            changeCount.addAndGet(size);
+            int slices = 1 + size / PROJECT_SLICE_MAX_REFS;
+            if (slices > 1) {
+              verboseWriter.println(
+                  "Submitting " + name + " for indexing in " + slices + " slices");
+            }
+            for (int slice = 0; slice < slices; slice++) {
+              projectSlices.add(ProjectSlice.create(name, slice, slices, sr));
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          logger.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Error collecting project %s", name);
+          projectsFailed.incrementAndGet();
+        }
+        pm.update(1);
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/ChangeIndexer.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/ChangeIndexer.java
index e0f6bec..a088af0 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/ChangeIndexer.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/ChangeIndexer.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.GerritServerConfig;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.IndexExecutor;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.StalenessCheckResult;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.index.options.IsFirstInsertForEntry;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.logging.Metadata;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.logging.TraceContext;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.logging.TraceContext.TraceTimer;
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@
   private final PluginSetContext<ChangeIndexedListener> indexedListeners;
   private final StalenessChecker stalenessChecker;
   private final boolean autoReindexIfStale;
+  private final IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry;
 
   private final Set<IndexTask> queuedIndexTasks =
       Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
@@ -94,7 +96,8 @@
       StalenessChecker stalenessChecker,
       @IndexExecutor(BATCH) ListeningExecutorService batchExecutor,
       @Assisted ListeningExecutorService executor,
-      @Assisted ChangeIndex index) {
+      @Assisted ChangeIndex index,
+      IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry) {
     this.executor = executor;
     this.changeDataFactory = changeDataFactory;
     this.notesFactory = notesFactory;
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@
     this.autoReindexIfStale = autoReindexIfStale(cfg);
     this.index = index;
     this.indexes = null;
+    this.isFirstInsertForEntry = isFirstInsertForEntry;
   }
 
   @AssistedInject
@@ -117,7 +121,8 @@
       StalenessChecker stalenessChecker,
       @IndexExecutor(BATCH) ListeningExecutorService batchExecutor,
       @Assisted ListeningExecutorService executor,
-      @Assisted ChangeIndexCollection indexes) {
+      @Assisted ChangeIndexCollection indexes,
+      IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry) {
     this.executor = executor;
     this.changeDataFactory = changeDataFactory;
     this.notesFactory = notesFactory;
@@ -128,6 +133,7 @@
     this.autoReindexIfStale = autoReindexIfStale(cfg);
     this.index = null;
     this.indexes = indexes;
+    this.isFirstInsertForEntry = isFirstInsertForEntry;
   }
 
   private static boolean autoReindexIfStale(Config cfg) {
@@ -198,21 +204,25 @@
   }
 
   private void indexImpl(ChangeData cd) {
-    logger.atFine().log("Replace change %d in index.", cd.getId().get());
+    logger.atFine().log("Reindex change %d in index.", cd.getId().get());
     for (Index<?, ChangeData> i : getWriteIndexes()) {
       try (TraceTimer traceTimer =
           TraceContext.newTimer(
-              "Replacing change in index",
+              "Reindexing change in index",
               Metadata.builder()
                   .changeId(cd.getId().get())
                   .patchSetId(cd.currentPatchSet().number())
                   .indexVersion(i.getSchema().getVersion())
                   .build())) {
-        i.replace(cd);
+        if (isFirstInsertForEntry.equals(isFirstInsertForEntry.YES)) {
+          i.insert(cd);
+        } else {
+          i.replace(cd);
+        }
       } catch (RuntimeException e) {
         throw new StorageException(
             String.format(
-                "Failed to replace change %d in index version %d (current patch set = %d)",
+                "Failed to reindex change %d in index version %d (current patch set = %d)",
                 cd.getId().get(), i.getSchema().getVersion(), cd.currentPatchSet().number()),
             e);
       }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/group/AllGroupsIndexer.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/group/AllGroupsIndexer.java
index b3ef679..075a4ce 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/group/AllGroupsIndexer.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/group/AllGroupsIndexer.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.group.db.Groups;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.group.db.GroupsNoteDbConsistencyChecker;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.IndexExecutor;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.index.options.IsFirstInsertForEntry;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -54,15 +55,18 @@
   private final ListeningExecutorService executor;
   private final GroupCache groupCache;
   private final Groups groups;
+  private final IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry;
 
   @Inject
   AllGroupsIndexer(
       @IndexExecutor(BATCH) ListeningExecutorService executor,
       GroupCache groupCache,
-      Groups groups) {
+      Groups groups,
+      IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry) {
     this.executor = executor;
     this.groupCache = groupCache;
     this.groups = groups;
+    this.isFirstInsertForEntry = isFirstInsertForEntry;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -96,9 +100,14 @@
           executor.submit(
               () -> {
                 try {
+                  groupCache.evict(uuid);
                   InternalGroup internalGroup = reindexedGroups.get(uuid);
                   if (internalGroup != null) {
-                    index.replace(internalGroup);
+                    if (isFirstInsertForEntry.equals(isFirstInsertForEntry.YES)) {
+                      index.insert(internalGroup);
+                    } else {
+                      index.replace(internalGroup);
+                    }
                   } else {
                     index.delete(uuid);
 
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/options/IsFirstInsertForEntry.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/options/IsFirstInsertForEntry.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f943309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/options/IsFirstInsertForEntry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.server.index.options;
+
+/**
+ * This enum should be injected and checked to decide on which operation ({@link
+ * com.google.gerrit.index.Index#replace(Object) replace()} or {@link
+ * com.google.gerrit.index.Index#insert(Object) insert()}) should be performed on a specific {@link
+ * com.google.gerrit.index.Index index}.
+ */
+public enum IsFirstInsertForEntry {
+  YES,
+  NO
+}
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/project/AllProjectsIndexer.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/project/AllProjectsIndexer.java
index 0e4b688..86c7e94 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/project/AllProjectsIndexer.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/index/project/AllProjectsIndexer.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.index.project.ProjectData;
 import com.google.gerrit.index.project.ProjectIndex;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.index.IndexExecutor;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.index.options.IsFirstInsertForEntry;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.project.ProjectCache;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
@@ -48,12 +49,16 @@
 
   private final ListeningExecutorService executor;
   private final ProjectCache projectCache;
+  private final IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry;
 
   @Inject
   AllProjectsIndexer(
-      @IndexExecutor(BATCH) ListeningExecutorService executor, ProjectCache projectCache) {
+      @IndexExecutor(BATCH) ListeningExecutorService executor,
+      ProjectCache projectCache,
+      IsFirstInsertForEntry isFirstInsertForEntry) {
     this.executor = executor;
     this.projectCache = projectCache;
+    this.isFirstInsertForEntry = isFirstInsertForEntry;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -79,8 +84,13 @@
               () -> {
                 try {
                   projectCache.evict(name);
-                  index.replace(
-                      projectCache.get(name).orElseThrow(illegalState(name)).toProjectData());
+                  ProjectData projectData =
+                      projectCache.get(name).orElseThrow(illegalState(name)).toProjectData();
+                  if (isFirstInsertForEntry.equals(isFirstInsertForEntry.YES)) {
+                    index.insert(projectData);
+                  } else {
+                    index.replace(projectData);
+                  }
                   verboseWriter.println("Reindexed " + desc);
                   done.incrementAndGet();
                 } catch (Exception e) {
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/notedb/ChangeNotes.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/notedb/ChangeNotes.java
index 2e4dfa5..6500d92 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/notedb/ChangeNotes.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/notedb/ChangeNotes.java
@@ -112,6 +112,29 @@
       this.projectCache = projectCache;
     }
 
+    @AutoValue
+    public abstract static class ScanResult {
+      abstract ImmutableSet<Change.Id> fromPatchSetRefs();
+
+      abstract ImmutableSet<Change.Id> fromMetaRefs();
+
+      public SetView<Change.Id> all() {
+        return Sets.union(fromPatchSetRefs(), fromMetaRefs());
+      }
+    }
+
+    public static ScanResult scanChangeIds(Repository repo) throws IOException {
+      ImmutableSet.Builder<Change.Id> fromPs = ImmutableSet.builder();
+      ImmutableSet.Builder<Change.Id> fromMeta = ImmutableSet.builder();
+      for (Ref r : repo.getRefDatabase().getRefsByPrefix(RefNames.REFS_CHANGES)) {
+        Change.Id id = Change.Id.fromRef(r.getName());
+        if (id != null) {
+          (r.getName().endsWith(RefNames.META_SUFFIX) ? fromMeta : fromPs).add(id);
+        }
+      }
+      return new AutoValue_ChangeNotes_Factory_ScanResult(fromPs.build(), fromMeta.build());
+    }
+
     public ChangeNotes createChecked(Change c) {
       return createChecked(c.getProject(), c.getId());
     }
@@ -271,8 +294,11 @@
     public Stream<ChangeNotesResult> scan(
         Repository repo, Project.NameKey project, Predicate<Change.Id> changeIdPredicate)
         throws IOException {
-      ScanResult sr = scanChangeIds(repo);
+      return scan(scanChangeIds(repo), project, changeIdPredicate);
+    }
 
+    public Stream<ChangeNotesResult> scan(
+        ScanResult sr, Project.NameKey project, Predicate<Change.Id> changeIdPredicate) {
       Stream<Change.Id> idStream = sr.all().stream();
       if (changeIdPredicate != null) {
         idStream = idStream.filter(changeIdPredicate);
@@ -344,29 +370,6 @@
       @Nullable
       abstract ChangeNotes maybeNotes();
     }
-
-    @AutoValue
-    abstract static class ScanResult {
-      abstract ImmutableSet<Change.Id> fromPatchSetRefs();
-
-      abstract ImmutableSet<Change.Id> fromMetaRefs();
-
-      SetView<Change.Id> all() {
-        return Sets.union(fromPatchSetRefs(), fromMetaRefs());
-      }
-    }
-
-    private static ScanResult scanChangeIds(Repository repo) throws IOException {
-      ImmutableSet.Builder<Change.Id> fromPs = ImmutableSet.builder();
-      ImmutableSet.Builder<Change.Id> fromMeta = ImmutableSet.builder();
-      for (Ref r : repo.getRefDatabase().getRefsByPrefix(RefNames.REFS_CHANGES)) {
-        Change.Id id = Change.Id.fromRef(r.getName());
-        if (id != null) {
-          (r.getName().endsWith(RefNames.META_SUFFIX) ? fromMeta : fromPs).add(id);
-        }
-      }
-      return new AutoValue_ChangeNotes_Factory_ScanResult(fromPs.build(), fromMeta.build());
-    }
   }
 
   private final boolean shouldExist;
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCache.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCache.java
index cd41ce5..5124e0e 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCache.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCache.java
@@ -59,18 +59,25 @@
   Optional<ProjectState> get(@Nullable Project.NameKey projectName) throws StorageException;
 
   /**
+   * Invalidate the cached information about the given project.
+   *
+   * @param p the NameKey of the project that is being evicted
+   */
+  void evict(Project.NameKey p);
+
+  /**
    * Invalidate the cached information about the given project, and triggers reindexing for it
    *
    * @param p project that is being evicted
    */
-  void evict(Project p);
+  void evictAndReindex(Project p);
 
   /**
    * Invalidate the cached information about the given project, and triggers reindexing for it
    *
    * @param p the NameKey of the project that is being evicted
    */
-  void evict(Project.NameKey p);
+  void evictAndReindex(Project.NameKey p);
 
   /**
    * Remove information about the given project from the cache. It will no longer be returned from
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCacheImpl.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCacheImpl.java
index 1b11ba2..5ea95fb 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCacheImpl.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/project/ProjectCacheImpl.java
@@ -209,16 +209,21 @@
   }
 
   @Override
-  public void evict(Project p) {
-    evict(p.getNameKey());
-  }
-
-  @Override
   public void evict(Project.NameKey p) {
     if (p != null) {
       logger.atFine().log("Evict project '%s'", p.get());
       inMemoryProjectCache.invalidate(p);
     }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void evictAndReindex(Project p) {
+    evictAndReindex(p.getNameKey());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void evictAndReindex(Project.NameKey p) {
+    evict(p);
     indexer.get().index(p);
   }
 
@@ -239,7 +244,7 @@
     } finally {
       listLock.unlock();
     }
-    evict(name);
+    evictAndReindex(name);
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/GetCache.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/GetCache.java
index 93600ea..5dd3d3d 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/GetCache.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/GetCache.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.Response;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.RestReadView;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.CacheResource;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@
 public class GetCache implements RestReadView<CacheResource> {
 
   @Override
-  public Response<ListCaches.CacheInfo> apply(CacheResource rsrc) {
-    return Response.ok(new ListCaches.CacheInfo(rsrc.getName(), rsrc.getCache()));
+  public Response<CacheInfo> apply(CacheResource rsrc) {
+    return Response.ok(new CacheInfo(rsrc.getName(), rsrc.getCache()));
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/ListCaches.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/ListCaches.java
index ccafbe8..ffc65c9 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/ListCaches.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/config/ListCaches.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
 
 import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
-import com.google.common.cache.CacheStats;
 import com.google.common.collect.Streams;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.annotations.RequiresAnyCapability;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.registration.DynamicMap;
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.BinaryResult;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.Response;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.RestReadView;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.PersistentCache;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.ConfigResource;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -87,118 +86,4 @@
     }
     return Response.ok(cacheNames.collect(toImmutableList()));
   }
-
-  public enum CacheType {
-    MEM,
-    DISK
-  }
-
-  public static class CacheInfo {
-    public String name;
-    public CacheType type;
-    public EntriesInfo entries;
-    public String averageGet;
-    public HitRatioInfo hitRatio;
-
-    public CacheInfo(Cache<?, ?> cache) {
-      this(null, cache);
-    }
-
-    public CacheInfo(String name, Cache<?, ?> cache) {
-      this.name = name;
-
-      CacheStats stat = cache.stats();
-
-      entries = new EntriesInfo();
-      entries.setMem(cache.size());
-
-      averageGet = duration(stat.averageLoadPenalty());
-
-      hitRatio = new HitRatioInfo();
-      hitRatio.setMem(stat.hitCount(), stat.requestCount());
-
-      if (cache instanceof PersistentCache) {
-        type = CacheType.DISK;
-        PersistentCache.DiskStats diskStats = ((PersistentCache) cache).diskStats();
-        entries.setDisk(diskStats.size());
-        entries.setSpace(diskStats.space());
-        hitRatio.setDisk(diskStats.hitCount(), diskStats.requestCount());
-      } else {
-        type = CacheType.MEM;
-      }
-    }
-
-    private static String duration(double ns) {
-      if (ns < 0.5) {
-        return null;
-      }
-      String suffix = "ns";
-      if (ns >= 1000.0) {
-        ns /= 1000.0;
-        suffix = "us";
-      }
-      if (ns >= 1000.0) {
-        ns /= 1000.0;
-        suffix = "ms";
-      }
-      if (ns >= 1000.0) {
-        ns /= 1000.0;
-        suffix = "s";
-      }
-      return String.format("%4.1f%s", ns, suffix).trim();
-    }
-  }
-
-  public static class EntriesInfo {
-    public Long mem;
-    public Long disk;
-    public String space;
-
-    public void setMem(long mem) {
-      this.mem = mem != 0 ? mem : null;
-    }
-
-    public void setDisk(long disk) {
-      this.disk = disk != 0 ? disk : null;
-    }
-
-    public void setSpace(double value) {
-      space = bytes(value);
-    }
-
-    private static String bytes(double value) {
-      value /= 1024;
-      String suffix = "k";
-
-      if (value > 1024) {
-        value /= 1024;
-        suffix = "m";
-      }
-      if (value > 1024) {
-        value /= 1024;
-        suffix = "g";
-      }
-      return String.format("%1$6.2f%2$s", value, suffix).trim();
-    }
-  }
-
-  public static class HitRatioInfo {
-    public Integer mem;
-    public Integer disk;
-
-    public void setMem(long value, long total) {
-      mem = percent(value, total);
-    }
-
-    public void setDisk(long value, long total) {
-      disk = percent(value, total);
-    }
-
-    private static Integer percent(long value, long total) {
-      if (total <= 0) {
-        return null;
-      }
-      return (int) ((100 * value) / total);
-    }
-  }
 }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/CreateLabel.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/CreateLabel.java
index 2ae1b05..025ff50 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/CreateLabel.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/CreateLabel.java
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 
       config.commit(md);
 
-      projectCache.evict(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
 
       return Response.created(LabelDefinitionJson.format(rsrc.getNameKey(), labelType));
     }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/DeleteLabel.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/DeleteLabel.java
index 531640c..8a1927a 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/DeleteLabel.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/DeleteLabel.java
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
       config.commit(md);
     }
 
-    projectCache.evict(rsrc.getProject().getProjectState().getProject());
+    projectCache.evictAndReindex(rsrc.getProject().getProjectState().getProject());
 
     return Response.none();
   }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/GetAccess.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/GetAccess.java
index a79439c..651e7f0 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/GetAccess.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/GetAccess.java
@@ -153,12 +153,12 @@
       if (config.updateGroupNames(groupBackend)) {
         md.setMessage("Update group names\n");
         config.commit(md);
-        projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
         projectState = projectCache.get(projectName).orElseThrow(illegalState(projectName));
         perm = permissionBackend.currentUser().project(projectName);
       } else if (config.getRevision() != null
           && !config.getRevision().equals(projectState.getConfig().getRevision().orElse(null))) {
-        projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
         projectState = projectCache.get(projectName).orElseThrow(illegalState(projectName));
         perm = permissionBackend.currentUser().project(projectName);
       }
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PostLabels.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PostLabels.java
index 0c42ab2..b72e10f 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PostLabels.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PostLabels.java
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 
       if (dirty) {
         config.commit(md);
-        projectCache.evict(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutConfig.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutConfig.java
index afa08cd..0770bda 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutConfig.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutConfig.java
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
       md.setMessage("Modified project settings\n");
       try {
         projectConfig.commit(md);
-        projectCache.evict(projectConfig.getProject());
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(projectConfig.getProject());
         md.getRepository().setGitwebDescription(projectConfig.getProject().getDescription());
       } catch (IOException e) {
         if (e.getCause() instanceof ConfigInvalidException) {
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutDescription.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutDescription.java
index a65c626..ec42035 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutDescription.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/PutDescription.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
       md.setAuthor(user);
       md.setMessage(msg);
       config.commit(md);
-      cache.evict(resource.getProjectState().getProject());
+      cache.evictAndReindex(resource.getProjectState().getProject());
       md.getRepository().setGitwebDescription(config.getProject().getDescription());
 
       return Strings.isNullOrEmpty(config.getProject().getDescription())
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetAccess.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetAccess.java
index 794cae8..07dbeca 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetAccess.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetAccess.java
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
       }
 
       config.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
       createGroupPermissionSyncer.syncIfNeeded();
     } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
       throw new BadRequestException(e.toString());
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetDefaultDashboard.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetDefaultDashboard.java
index 5aef76a..853d7df 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetDefaultDashboard.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetDefaultDashboard.java
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
       md.setAuthor(rsrc.getUser().asIdentifiedUser());
       md.setMessage(msg);
       config.commit(md);
-      cache.evict(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
+      cache.evictAndReindex(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
 
       if (target != null) {
         Response<DashboardInfo> response = get.get().apply(target);
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetLabel.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetLabel.java
index b1bcb15..34b6812 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetLabel.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetLabel.java
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
             config.getLabelSections().get(newName.isEmpty() ? labelType.getName() : newName);
 
         config.commit(md);
-        projectCache.evict(rsrc.getProject().getProjectState().getProject());
+        projectCache.evictAndReindex(rsrc.getProject().getProjectState().getProject());
       }
     }
     return Response.ok(LabelDefinitionJson.format(rsrc.getProject().getNameKey(), labelType));
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetParent.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetParent.java
index 91c29f5..ef31dc5 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetParent.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/project/SetParent.java
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
       md.setAuthor(user);
       md.setMessage(msg);
       config.commit(md);
-      cache.evict(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
+      cache.evictAndReindex(rsrc.getProjectState().getProject());
 
       Project.NameKey parent = config.getProject().getParent(allProjects);
       requireNonNull(parent);
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/submit/SubmitStrategyOp.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/submit/SubmitStrategyOp.java
index 69207ac..3a04b82 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/submit/SubmitStrategyOp.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/submit/SubmitStrategyOp.java
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
       // TODO(dborowitz): Move to BatchUpdate? Would also allow us to run once
       // per project even if multiple changes to refs/meta/config are submitted.
       if (RefNames.REFS_CONFIG.equals(getDest().branch())) {
-        args.projectCache.evict(getProject());
+        args.projectCache.evictAndReindex(getProject());
         ProjectState p =
             args.projectCache.get(getProject()).orElseThrow(illegalState(getProject()));
         try (Repository git = args.repoManager.openRepository(getProject())) {
diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/sshd/commands/ShowCaches.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/sshd/commands/ShowCaches.java
index 979be1b..02956f7 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/sshd/commands/ShowCaches.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/sshd/commands/ShowCaches.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.events.LifecycleListener;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.AuthException;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.CurrentUser;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheDisplay;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.ConfigResource;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.permissions.GlobalPermission;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.permissions.PermissionBackend;
@@ -35,8 +37,6 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.GetSummary.TaskSummaryInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.GetSummary.ThreadSummaryInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheInfo;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheType;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.util.time.TimeUtil;
 import com.google.gerrit.sshd.CommandMetaData;
 import com.google.gerrit.sshd.SshCommand;
@@ -123,52 +123,8 @@
     stdout.format("%-25s %-20s   uptime %16s\n", "", "", uptime(now.getTime() - serverStarted));
     stdout.print('\n');
 
-    stdout.print(
-        String.format( //
-            "%1s %-" + nw + "s|%-21s|  %-5s |%-9s|\n" //
-            ,
-            "" //
-            ,
-            "Name" //
-            ,
-            "Entries" //
-            ,
-            "AvgGet" //
-            ,
-            "Hit Ratio" //
-            ));
-    stdout.print(
-        String.format( //
-            "%1s %-" + nw + "s|%6s %6s %7s|  %-5s  |%-4s %-4s|\n" //
-            ,
-            "" //
-            ,
-            "" //
-            ,
-            "Mem" //
-            ,
-            "Disk" //
-            ,
-            "Space" //
-            ,
-            "" //
-            ,
-            "Mem" //
-            ,
-            "Disk" //
-            ));
-    stdout.print("--");
-    for (int i = 0; i < nw; i++) {
-      stdout.print('-');
-    }
-    stdout.print("+---------------------+---------+---------+\n");
-
     try {
-      Collection<CacheInfo> caches = getCaches();
-      printMemoryCoreCaches(caches);
-      printMemoryPluginCaches(caches);
-      printDiskCaches(caches);
-      stdout.print('\n');
+      new CacheDisplay(stdout, nw, getCaches()).displayCaches();
 
       boolean showJvm;
       try {
@@ -209,52 +165,6 @@
     return caches.values();
   }
 
-  private void printMemoryCoreCaches(Collection<CacheInfo> caches) {
-    for (CacheInfo cache : caches) {
-      if (!cache.name.contains("-") && CacheType.MEM.equals(cache.type)) {
-        printCache(cache);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private void printMemoryPluginCaches(Collection<CacheInfo> caches) {
-    for (CacheInfo cache : caches) {
-      if (cache.name.contains("-") && CacheType.MEM.equals(cache.type)) {
-        printCache(cache);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private void printDiskCaches(Collection<CacheInfo> caches) {
-    for (CacheInfo cache : caches) {
-      if (CacheType.DISK.equals(cache.type)) {
-        printCache(cache);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private void printCache(CacheInfo cache) {
-    stdout.print(
-        String.format(
-            "%1s %-" + nw + "s|%6s %6s %7s| %7s |%4s %4s|\n",
-            CacheType.DISK.equals(cache.type) ? "D" : "",
-            cache.name,
-            nullToEmpty(cache.entries.mem),
-            nullToEmpty(cache.entries.disk),
-            Strings.nullToEmpty(cache.entries.space),
-            Strings.nullToEmpty(cache.averageGet),
-            formatAsPercent(cache.hitRatio.mem),
-            formatAsPercent(cache.hitRatio.disk)));
-  }
-
-  private static String nullToEmpty(Long l) {
-    return l != null ? String.valueOf(l) : "";
-  }
-
-  private static String formatAsPercent(Integer i) {
-    return i != null ? String.valueOf(i) + "%" : "";
-  }
-
   private void memSummary(MemSummaryInfo memSummary) {
     stdout.format(
         "Mem: %s total = %s used + %s free + %s buffers\n",
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetterTest.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetterTest.java
index ff9bac9..7d04558 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetterTest.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/ProjectResetterTest.java
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
       updateRef(repo2, metaConfig);
     }
 
-    verify(projectCache, only()).evict(project2);
+    verify(projectCache, only()).evictAndReindex(project2);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
       createRef(repo2, RefNames.REFS_CONFIG);
     }
 
-    verify(projectCache, only()).evict(project2);
+    verify(projectCache, only()).evictAndReindex(project2);
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/accounts/AgreementsIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/accounts/AgreementsIT.java
index 5279ba1..9b77b01 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/accounts/AgreementsIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/accounts/AgreementsIT.java
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
       config.updateProject(
           p -> p.setBooleanConfig(BooleanProjectConfig.USE_CONTRIBUTOR_AGREEMENTS, value));
       config.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/project/ProjectIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/project/ProjectIT.java
index dd70d4a..0f51095 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/project/ProjectIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/project/ProjectIT.java
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@
       ProjectConfig config = projectConfigFactory.read(md);
       config.renameGroup(AccountGroup.uuid(group.id), newName);
       config.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
     }
 
     Optional<String> afterRename =
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/git/AbstractSubmoduleSubscription.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/git/AbstractSubmoduleSubscription.java
index 415aa79..c3bcbd3 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/git/AbstractSubmoduleSubscription.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/git/AbstractSubmoduleSubscription.java
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
       ObjectId oldId = pc.getRevision();
       ObjectId newId = pc.commit(md);
       assertThat(newId).isNotEqualTo(oldId);
-      projectCache.evict(pc.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(pc.getProject());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/CacheOperationsIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/CacheOperationsIT.java
index daeb032..e4b4e4a 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/CacheOperationsIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/CacheOperationsIT.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.RestResponse;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.project.ProjectOperations;
 import com.google.gerrit.common.data.GlobalCapability;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheInfo;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.PostCaches;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import java.util.Arrays;
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/FlushCacheIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/FlushCacheIT.java
index a161ec4..164f683 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/FlushCacheIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/FlushCacheIT.java
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.RestResponse;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.project.ProjectOperations;
 import com.google.gerrit.common.data.GlobalCapability;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheInfo;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/GetCacheIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/GetCacheIT.java
index 247d63b..8765360 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/GetCacheIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/GetCacheIT.java
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.AbstractDaemonTest;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.RestResponse;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheInfo;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheType;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class GetCacheIT extends AbstractDaemonTest {
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@
     CacheInfo result = newGson().fromJson(r.getReader(), CacheInfo.class);
 
     assertThat(result.name).isEqualTo("accounts");
-    assertThat(result.type).isEqualTo(CacheType.MEM);
+    assertThat(result.type).isEqualTo(CacheInfo.CacheType.MEM);
     assertThat(result.entries.mem).isAtLeast(1L);
     assertThat(result.averageGet).isNotNull();
     assertThat(result.averageGet).endsWith("s");
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/ListCachesIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/ListCachesIT.java
index 8baeffc..be21436 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/ListCachesIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/config/ListCachesIT.java
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@
 import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.AbstractDaemonTest;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.RestResponse;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheInfo;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.restapi.config.ListCaches.CacheType;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.cache.CacheInfo;
 import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@
 
     assertThat(result).containsKey("accounts");
     CacheInfo accountsCacheInfo = result.get("accounts");
-    assertThat(accountsCacheInfo.type).isEqualTo(CacheType.MEM);
+    assertThat(accountsCacheInfo.type).isEqualTo(CacheInfo.CacheType.MEM);
     assertThat(accountsCacheInfo.entries.mem).isAtLeast(1L);
     assertThat(accountsCacheInfo.averageGet).isNotNull();
     assertThat(accountsCacheInfo.averageGet).endsWith("s");
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/project/AccessIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/project/AccessIT.java
index 4a9edba..7442425 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/project/AccessIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/rest/project/AccessIT.java
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
     ProjectAccessInfo expected = pApi().access();
 
     grantRevertPermission.execute(newProjectName);
-    projectCache.evict(newProjectName);
+    projectCache.evictAndReindex(newProjectName);
     ProjectAccessInfo actual = pApi().access();
     // Permissions don't change
     assertThat(expected.local).isEqualTo(actual.local);
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/change/LabelNormalizerTest.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/change/LabelNormalizerTest.java
index cd28ac4..82991b6 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/change/LabelNormalizerTest.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/change/LabelNormalizerTest.java
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
   private void save(ProjectConfig pc) throws Exception {
     try (MetaDataUpdate md = metaDataUpdateFactory.create(pc.getProject().getNameKey(), user)) {
       pc.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(pc.getProject().getNameKey());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(pc.getProject().getNameKey());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/FakeChangeIndex.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/FakeChangeIndex.java
index a23ccab..fc56a3c 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/FakeChangeIndex.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/index/change/FakeChangeIndex.java
@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@
   }
 
   @Override
+  public void insert(ChangeData obj) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public void replace(ChangeData cd) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
   }
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/query/change/AbstractQueryChangesTest.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/query/change/AbstractQueryChangesTest.java
index 6c83d25..99ccd31 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/query/change/AbstractQueryChangesTest.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/server/query/change/AbstractQueryChangesTest.java
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@
       cfg.upsertLabelType(verified);
       cfg.commit(md);
     }
-    projectCache.evict(project);
+    projectCache.evictAndReindex(project);
 
     String heads = RefNames.REFS_HEADS + "*";
     projectOperations
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@
           });
 
       config.commit(md);
-      projectCache.evict(config.getProject());
+      projectCache.evictAndReindex(config.getProject());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/plugins/delete-project b/plugins/delete-project
index 549de03..142875a 160000
--- a/plugins/delete-project
+++ b/plugins/delete-project
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 549de033d60b13aaeef45ce5c4bf42be39506268
+Subproject commit 142875ae29b728e4fbad5bc22dc132df37cc4de7
diff --git a/plugins/webhooks b/plugins/webhooks
index 9fc9c2d..dba493b 160000
--- a/plugins/webhooks
+++ b/plugins/webhooks
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 9fc9c2d4e69f7e2701cbcd873977d3312a231a81
+Subproject commit dba493b1679cc07b0f5e3fd9277b306c4693e08a
diff --git a/polygerrit-ui/app/elements/shared/gr-rest-api-interface/gr-rest-api-interface.ts b/polygerrit-ui/app/elements/shared/gr-rest-api-interface/gr-rest-api-interface.ts
index 4a47db6..5abc258 100644
--- a/polygerrit-ui/app/elements/shared/gr-rest-api-interface/gr-rest-api-interface.ts
+++ b/polygerrit-ui/app/elements/shared/gr-rest-api-interface/gr-rest-api-interface.ts
@@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@
       params.n = n;
     }
     if (project) {
-      params.p = encodeURIComponent(project);
+      params.p = project;
     }
     return this._restApiHelper.fetchJSON({
       url: '/groups/',