Merge changes I343425ab,Ieaa18566 * changes: Do not allow creations of comments with invalid inReplyTo Add robot comments creation and retrieval to the test api

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/GerritServer.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/GerritServer.java
index 50d11a1..5942c0f 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/GerritServer.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/GerritServer.java

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change.PerCommentOperationsImpl;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change.PerDraftCommentOperationsImpl;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change.PerPatchsetOperationsImpl;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change.PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.group.GroupOperations;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.group.GroupOperationsImpl;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.project.ProjectOperations;
@@ -518,6 +519,7 @@
             factory(PerPatchsetOperationsImpl.Factory.class);
             factory(PerCommentOperationsImpl.Factory.class);
             factory(PerDraftCommentOperationsImpl.Factory.class);
+            factory(PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl.Factory.class);
             factory(PushOneCommit.Factory.class);
             install(InProcessProtocol.module());
             install(new NoSshModule());

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperations.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperations.java
index aa0391d..c4e4192 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperations.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperations.java

@@ -127,5 +127,13 @@
      * @return an aggregation of operations on a specific draft comment
      */
     PerDraftCommentOperations draftComment(String commentUuid);
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the fluent chain for querying or modifying a robot comment. Please see the methods of
+     * {@link PerRobotCommentOperations} for details on possible operations.
+     *
+     * @return an aggregation of operations on a specific robot comment
+     */
+    PerRobotCommentOperations robotComment(String commentUuid);
   }
 }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImpl.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImpl.java
index f04de17..3b15b57 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImpl.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImpl.java

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
   private final PerPatchsetOperationsImpl.Factory perPatchsetOperationsFactory;
   private final PerCommentOperationsImpl.Factory perCommentOperationsFactory;
   private final PerDraftCommentOperationsImpl.Factory perDraftCommentOperationsFactory;
+  private final PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl.Factory perRobotCommentOperationsFactory;
 
   @Inject
   public ChangeOperationsImpl(
@@ -102,7 +103,8 @@
       ChangeFinder changeFinder,
       PerPatchsetOperationsImpl.Factory perPatchsetOperationsFactory,
       PerCommentOperationsImpl.Factory perCommentOperationsFactory,
-      PerDraftCommentOperationsImpl.Factory perDraftCommentOperationsFactory) {
+      PerDraftCommentOperationsImpl.Factory perDraftCommentOperationsFactory,
+      PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl.Factory perRobotCommentOperationsFactory) {
     this.seq = seq;
     this.changeInserterFactory = changeInserterFactory;
     this.patchsetInserterFactory = patchsetInserterFactory;
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@
     this.perPatchsetOperationsFactory = perPatchsetOperationsFactory;
     this.perCommentOperationsFactory = perCommentOperationsFactory;
     this.perDraftCommentOperationsFactory = perDraftCommentOperationsFactory;
+    this.perRobotCommentOperationsFactory = perRobotCommentOperationsFactory;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -555,5 +558,11 @@
       ChangeNotes changeNotes = getChangeNotes();
       return perDraftCommentOperationsFactory.create(changeNotes, commentUuid);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public PerRobotCommentOperations robotComment(String commentUuid) {
+      ChangeNotes changeNotes = getChangeNotes();
+      return perRobotCommentOperationsFactory.create(changeNotes, commentUuid);
+    }
   }
 }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/CommentSide.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/CommentSide.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7e720b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/CommentSide.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+/**
+ * Marks the commit that contains the comment (also known as side). Used by {@link
+ * TestCommentCreation} and {@link TestRobotCommentCreation}.
+ */
+enum CommentSide {
+  PATCHSET_COMMIT(1),
+  AUTO_MERGE_COMMIT(0),
+  PARENT_COMMIT(-1),
+  SECOND_PARENT_COMMIT(-2);
+
+  private final short numericSide;
+
+  CommentSide(int numericSide) {
+    this.numericSide = (short) numericSide;
+  }
+
+  public short getNumericSide() {
+    return numericSide;
+  }
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/FileBuilder.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/FileBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8514a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/FileBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+/**
+ * Builder for the file specification of line/range comments. Used by {@link TestCommentCreation}
+ * and {@link TestRobotCommentCreation}.
+ */
+public class FileBuilder<T> {
+  private final Function<String, T> nextStepProvider;
+
+  public FileBuilder(Function<String, T> nextStepProvider) {
+    this.nextStepProvider = nextStepProvider;
+  }
+  /** File on which the comment should be added. */
+  public T ofFile(String file) {
+    return nextStepProvider.apply(file);
+  }
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerCommentOperationsImpl.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerCommentOperationsImpl.java
index 5f046ca..0218731 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerCommentOperationsImpl.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerCommentOperationsImpl.java

@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@
   }
 
   static TestHumanComment toTestComment(HumanComment comment) {
-    return TestHumanComment.builder().uuid(comment.key.uuid).parentUuid(comment.parentUuid).build();
+    return TestHumanComment.builder()
+        .uuid(comment.key.uuid)
+        .parentUuid(comment.parentUuid)
+        .tag(comment.tag)
+        .unresolved(comment.unresolved)
+        .build();
   }
 }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperations.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperations.java
index 33d2d43..f4c70bd 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperations.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperations.java

@@ -67,4 +67,25 @@
    * @return builder to create a new comment
    */
   TestCommentCreation.Builder newDraftComment();
+
+  /**
+   * Starts the fluent chain to create a new robot comment. The returned builder can be used to
+   * specify the attributes of the robot comment. To create the robot comment for real, {@link
+   * TestRobotCommentCreation.Builder#create()} must be called.
+   *
+   * <p>Example:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * String createdRobotCommentUuid = changeOperations
+   *     .change(changeId)
+   *     .currentPatchset()
+   *     .newRobotComment()
+   *     .onLine(2)
+   *     .ofFile("file1")
+   *     .create();
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @return builder to create a new comment
+   */
+  TestRobotCommentCreation.Builder newRobotComment();
 }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperationsImpl.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperationsImpl.java
index d39f1e1..9f2e1f4 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperationsImpl.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerPatchsetOperationsImpl.java

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 import static com.google.gerrit.server.CommentsUtil.setCommentCommitId;
 
-import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change.TestCommentCreation.CommentSide;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Account;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Comment.Status;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.HumanComment;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.PatchSet;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Project;
+import com.google.gerrit.entities.RobotComment;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.Comment;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.Comment.Range;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.RestApiException;
@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@
     return TestCommentCreation.builder(this::createComment, Status.DRAFT);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public TestRobotCommentCreation.Builder newRobotComment() {
+    return TestRobotCommentCreation.builder(this::createRobotComment);
+  }
+
   private String createComment(TestCommentCreation commentCreation)
       throws IOException, RestApiException, UpdateException {
     Project.NameKey project = changeNotes.getProjectName();
@@ -126,6 +131,33 @@
     return userFactory.create(authorId);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Both this and {@code toEntitiesCommentRange} is needed since there are two Comment.Range
+   * entities, in different packages: {@code com.google.gerrit.entities.Comment.Range}, and {@code
+   * com.google.gerrit.extensions.Comment.Range}
+   */
+  private static Comment.Range toCommentRange(TestRange range) {
+    Comment.Range commentRange = new Range();
+    commentRange.startLine = range.start().line();
+    commentRange.startCharacter = range.start().charOffset();
+    commentRange.endLine = range.end().line();
+    commentRange.endCharacter = range.end().charOffset();
+    return commentRange;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Both this and {@code toCommentRange} is needed since there are two Comment.Range entities, in
+   * different packages: {@code com.google.gerrit.entities.Comment.Range}, and {@code
+   * com.google.gerrit.extensions.Comment.Range}
+   */
+  private static com.google.gerrit.entities.Comment.Range toEntitiesCommentRange(TestRange range) {
+    return new com.google.gerrit.entities.Comment.Range(
+        range.start().line(),
+        range.start().charOffset(),
+        range.end().line(),
+        range.end().charOffset());
+  }
+
   private class CommentAdditionOp implements BatchUpdateOp {
     private String createdCommentUuid;
     private final TestCommentCreation commentCreation;
@@ -173,7 +205,7 @@
       // Specification of range trumps explicit line specification.
       commentCreation
           .range()
-          .map(this::toCommentRange)
+          .map(PerPatchsetOperationsImpl::toCommentRange)
           .ifPresent(range -> newComment.setLineNbrAndRange(null, range));
 
       setCommentCommitId(
@@ -183,14 +215,94 @@
           changeNotes.getPatchSets().get(patchsetId));
       return newComment;
     }
+  }
 
-    private Comment.Range toCommentRange(TestRange range) {
-      Comment.Range commentRange = new Range();
-      commentRange.startLine = range.start().line();
-      commentRange.startCharacter = range.start().charOffset();
-      commentRange.endLine = range.end().line();
-      commentRange.endCharacter = range.end().charOffset();
-      return commentRange;
+  private String createRobotComment(TestRobotCommentCreation robotCommentCreation)
+      throws IOException, RestApiException, UpdateException {
+    Project.NameKey project = changeNotes.getProjectName();
+
+    try (Repository repository = repositoryManager.openRepository(project);
+        ObjectInserter objectInserter = repository.newObjectInserter();
+        RevWalk revWalk = new RevWalk(objectInserter.newReader())) {
+      Timestamp now = TimeUtil.nowTs();
+
+      IdentifiedUser author = getAuthor(robotCommentCreation);
+      RobotCommentAdditionOp robotCommentAdditionOp =
+          new RobotCommentAdditionOp(robotCommentCreation);
+      try (BatchUpdate batchUpdate = batchUpdateFactory.create(project, author, now)) {
+        batchUpdate.setRepository(repository, revWalk, objectInserter);
+        batchUpdate.addOp(changeNotes.getChangeId(), robotCommentAdditionOp);
+        batchUpdate.execute();
+      }
+      return robotCommentAdditionOp.createdRobotCommentUuid;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private IdentifiedUser getAuthor(TestRobotCommentCreation robotCommentCreation) {
+    Account.Id authorId = robotCommentCreation.author().orElse(changeNotes.getChange().getOwner());
+    return userFactory.create(authorId);
+  }
+
+  private class RobotCommentAdditionOp implements BatchUpdateOp {
+    private String createdRobotCommentUuid;
+    private final TestRobotCommentCreation robotCommentCreation;
+
+    public RobotCommentAdditionOp(TestRobotCommentCreation robotCommentCreation) {
+      this.robotCommentCreation = robotCommentCreation;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean updateChange(ChangeContext context) throws Exception {
+      RobotComment robotComment = toNewRobotComment(context, robotCommentCreation);
+      ChangeUpdate changeUpdate = context.getUpdate(patchsetId);
+      changeUpdate.putRobotComment(robotComment);
+      // For robot comments, only the tag set on the ChangeUpdate (and not on the RobotComment)
+      // matters.
+      robotCommentCreation.tag().ifPresent(changeUpdate::setTag);
+      createdRobotCommentUuid = robotComment.key.uuid;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    private RobotComment toNewRobotComment(
+        ChangeContext context, TestRobotCommentCreation robotCommentCreation)
+        throws PatchListNotAvailableException {
+      String message = robotCommentCreation.message().orElse("The text of a test robot comment.");
+
+      String filePath = robotCommentCreation.file().orElse(Patch.PATCHSET_LEVEL);
+      short side = robotCommentCreation.side().orElse(CommentSide.PATCHSET_COMMIT).getNumericSide();
+      String robotId = robotCommentCreation.robotId().orElse("robot");
+      String robotRunId = robotCommentCreation.robotId().orElse("1");
+      RobotComment newRobotComment =
+          commentsUtil.newRobotComment(
+              context, filePath, patchsetId, side, message, robotId, robotRunId);
+
+      // TODO(paiking): This should not be needed, as the tag only matters in ChangeUpdate.
+      robotCommentCreation.tag().ifPresent(tag -> newRobotComment.tag = tag);
+
+      robotCommentCreation.line().ifPresent(line -> newRobotComment.setLineNbrAndRange(line, null));
+      // Specification of range trumps explicit line specification.
+      robotCommentCreation
+          .range()
+          .map(PerPatchsetOperationsImpl::toCommentRange)
+          .ifPresent(range -> newRobotComment.setLineNbrAndRange(null, range));
+
+      robotCommentCreation
+          .unresolved()
+          .ifPresent(unresolved -> newRobotComment.unresolved = unresolved);
+      robotCommentCreation
+          .parentUuid()
+          .ifPresent(parentUuid -> newRobotComment.parentUuid = parentUuid);
+      robotCommentCreation.url().ifPresent(url -> newRobotComment.url = url);
+      if (!robotCommentCreation.properties().isEmpty()) {
+        newRobotComment.properties = robotCommentCreation.properties();
+      }
+
+      setCommentCommitId(
+          newRobotComment,
+          patchListCache,
+          context.getChange(),
+          changeNotes.getPatchSets().get(patchsetId));
+      return newRobotComment;
     }
   }
 }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerRobotCommentOperations.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerRobotCommentOperations.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9718aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerRobotCommentOperations.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+/** An aggregation of methods on a specific, robot comment. */
+public interface PerRobotCommentOperations {
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the robot comment.
+   *
+   * <p><strong>Note:</strong> This call will fail with an exception if the requested comment
+   * doesn't exist or if it is a comment of another type.
+   *
+   * @return the corresponding {@code TestRobotComment}
+   */
+  TestRobotComment get();
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..075c451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+import static com.google.common.collect.MoreCollectors.onlyElement;
+
+import com.google.gerrit.entities.RobotComment;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.CommentsUtil;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.notedb.ChangeNotes;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.inject.assistedinject.Assisted;
+
+/**
+ * The implementation of {@link PerRobotCommentOperations}.
+ *
+ * <p>There is only one implementation of {@link PerRobotCommentOperations}. Nevertheless, we keep
+ * the separation between interface and implementation to enhance clarity.
+ */
+public class PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl implements PerRobotCommentOperations {
+  private final CommentsUtil commentsUtil;
+
+  private final ChangeNotes changeNotes;
+  private final String commentUuid;
+
+  public interface Factory {
+    PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl create(ChangeNotes changeNotes, String commentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Inject
+  public PerRobotCommentOperationsImpl(
+      CommentsUtil commentsUtil, @Assisted ChangeNotes changeNotes, @Assisted String commentUuid) {
+    this.commentsUtil = commentsUtil;
+    this.changeNotes = changeNotes;
+    this.commentUuid = commentUuid;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public TestRobotComment get() {
+    RobotComment comment =
+        commentsUtil.robotCommentsByChange(changeNotes).stream()
+            .filter(foundComment -> foundComment.key.uuid.equals(commentUuid))
+            .collect(onlyElement());
+    return toTestRobotComment(comment);
+  }
+
+  static TestRobotComment toTestRobotComment(RobotComment robotComment) {
+    return TestRobotComment.builder()
+        .uuid(robotComment.key.uuid)
+        .parentUuid(robotComment.parentUuid)
+        .build();
+  }
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PositionBuilder.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PositionBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b061c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PositionBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+import java.util.function.IntFunction;
+
+/**
+ * Builder to simplify a position specification. Used by {@link TestCommentCreation} and {@link
+ * TestRobotCommentCreation}.
+ */
+public class PositionBuilder<T> {
+  private final IntFunction<T> nextStepProvider;
+
+  public PositionBuilder(IntFunction<T> nextStepProvider) {
+    this.nextStepProvider = nextStepProvider;
+  }
+
+  /** Character offset within the line. A value of 0 indicates the beginning of the line. */
+  public T charOffset(int characterOffset) {
+    return nextStepProvider.apply(characterOffset);
+  }
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/StartAwarePositionBuilder.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/StartAwarePositionBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9a0eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/StartAwarePositionBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+/**
+ * Builder for the end position of a range. Used by {@link TestCommentCreation} and {@link
+ * TestRobotCommentCreation}.
+ */
+public class StartAwarePositionBuilder<T> {
+  private final TestRange.Builder testRangeBuilder;
+  private final Consumer<TestRange> rangeConsumer;
+  private final Function<String, T> fileFunction;
+
+  public StartAwarePositionBuilder(
+      TestRange.Builder testRangeBuilder,
+      Consumer<TestRange> rangeConsumer,
+      Function<String, T> fileFunction) {
+    this.testRangeBuilder = testRangeBuilder;
+    this.rangeConsumer = rangeConsumer;
+    this.fileFunction = fileFunction;
+  }
+
+  /** Line of the end position of the range. */
+  public PositionBuilder<FileBuilder<T>> toLine(int endLine) {
+    return new PositionBuilder<>(
+        endCharOffset -> {
+          TestRange.Position end =
+              TestRange.Position.builder().line(endLine).charOffset(endCharOffset).build();
+          TestRange range = testRangeBuilder.setEnd(end).build();
+          rangeConsumer.accept(range);
+          return new FileBuilder<T>(fileFunction);
+        });
+  }
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestCommentCreation.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestCommentCreation.java
index d1d1567..2f4ddd0 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestCommentCreation.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestCommentCreation.java

@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Comment;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-import java.util.function.IntFunction;
 
-/** Attributes of the comment. If not provided, arbitrary values will be used. */
+/**
+ * Attributes of the human comment. If not provided, arbitrary values will be used. This class is
+ * very similar to {@link TestRobotCommentCreation} to allow separation between robot and human
+ * comments.
+ */
 @AutoValue
 public abstract class TestCommentCreation {
 
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@
 
   abstract ThrowingFunction<TestCommentCreation, String> commentCreator();
 
-  public static TestCommentCreation.Builder builder(
+  public static Builder builder(
       ThrowingFunction<TestCommentCreation, String> commentCreator, Comment.Status commentStatus) {
     return new AutoValue_TestCommentCreation.Builder()
         .commentCreator(commentCreator)
@@ -82,8 +84,8 @@
      * Starts the fluent change to create a line comment. The line comment will be at the indicated
      * line. Lines start with 1.
      */
-    public FileBuilder onLine(int line) {
-      return new FileBuilder(file -> file(file).line(line).range(null));
+    public FileBuilder<Builder> onLine(int line) {
+      return new FileBuilder<>(file -> file(file).line(line).range(null));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -91,12 +93,12 @@
      * Lines start at 1. The start position (line, charOffset) is inclusive, the end position (line,
      * charOffset) is exclusive.
      */
-    public PositionBuilder<StartAwarePositionBuilder> fromLine(int startLine) {
+    public PositionBuilder<StartAwarePositionBuilder<Builder>> fromLine(int startLine) {
       return new PositionBuilder<>(
           startCharOffset -> {
             Position start = Position.builder().line(startLine).charOffset(startCharOffset).build();
             TestRange.Builder testRangeBuilder = TestRange.builder().setStart(start);
-            return new StartAwarePositionBuilder(this, testRangeBuilder);
+            return new StartAwarePositionBuilder<>(testRangeBuilder, this::range, this::file);
           });
     }
 
@@ -179,8 +181,7 @@
      */
     abstract Builder status(Comment.Status value);
 
-    abstract TestCommentCreation.Builder commentCreator(
-        ThrowingFunction<TestCommentCreation, String> commentCreator);
+    abstract Builder commentCreator(ThrowingFunction<TestCommentCreation, String> commentCreator);
 
     abstract TestCommentCreation autoBuild();
 
@@ -194,72 +195,4 @@
       return commentCreation.commentCreator().applyAndThrowSilently(commentCreation);
     }
   }
-
-  /** Builder for the file specification of line/range comments. */
-  public static class FileBuilder {
-    private final Function<String, Builder> nextStepProvider;
-
-    private FileBuilder(Function<String, Builder> nextStepProvider) {
-      this.nextStepProvider = nextStepProvider;
-    }
-
-    /** File on which the comment should be added. */
-    public Builder ofFile(String file) {
-      return nextStepProvider.apply(file);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Builder to simplify a position specification. */
-  public static class PositionBuilder<T> {
-    private final IntFunction<T> nextStepProvider;
-
-    private PositionBuilder(IntFunction<T> nextStepProvider) {
-      this.nextStepProvider = nextStepProvider;
-    }
-
-    /** Character offset within the line. A value of 0 indicates the beginning of the line. */
-    public T charOffset(int characterOffset) {
-      return nextStepProvider.apply(characterOffset);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Builder for the end position of a range. */
-  public static class StartAwarePositionBuilder {
-    private final TestCommentCreation.Builder testCommentCreationBuilder;
-    private final TestRange.Builder testRangeBuilder;
-
-    private StartAwarePositionBuilder(
-        Builder testCommentCreationBuilder, TestRange.Builder testRangeBuilder) {
-      this.testCommentCreationBuilder = testCommentCreationBuilder;
-      this.testRangeBuilder = testRangeBuilder;
-    }
-
-    /** Line of the end position of the range. */
-    public PositionBuilder<FileBuilder> toLine(int endLine) {
-      return new PositionBuilder<>(
-          endCharOffset -> {
-            Position end = Position.builder().line(endLine).charOffset(endCharOffset).build();
-            TestRange range = testRangeBuilder.setEnd(end).build();
-            testCommentCreationBuilder.range(range);
-            return new FileBuilder(testCommentCreationBuilder::file);
-          });
-    }
-  }
-
-  enum CommentSide {
-    PATCHSET_COMMIT(1),
-    AUTO_MERGE_COMMIT(0),
-    PARENT_COMMIT(-1),
-    SECOND_PARENT_COMMIT(-2);
-
-    private final short numericSide;
-
-    CommentSide(int numericSide) {
-      this.numericSide = (short) numericSide;
-    }
-
-    public short getNumericSide() {
-      return numericSide;
-    }
-  }
 }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestHumanComment.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestHumanComment.java
index 9bb026f..3a7f2ae 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestHumanComment.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestHumanComment.java

@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@
   /** UUID of another comment to which this comment is a reply. */
   public abstract Optional<String> parentUuid();
 
+  /** Tag of a comment. */
+  public abstract Optional<String> tag();
+
+  /** Unresolved state of a comment. */
+  public abstract boolean unresolved();
+
   static Builder builder() {
     return new AutoValue_TestHumanComment.Builder();
   }
@@ -38,6 +44,10 @@
 
     abstract Builder parentUuid(@Nullable String parentUuid);
 
+    abstract Builder tag(@Nullable String tag);
+
+    abstract Builder unresolved(boolean unresolved);
+
     abstract TestHumanComment build();
   }
 }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestRobotComment.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestRobotComment.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76fb52f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestRobotComment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
+import com.google.gerrit.common.Nullable;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/** Representation of a robot comment used for testing purposes. */
+@AutoValue
+public abstract class TestRobotComment {
+
+  /** The UUID of the comment. Should be unique. */
+  public abstract String uuid();
+
+  /** UUID of another comment to which this comment is a reply. */
+  public abstract Optional<String> parentUuid();
+
+  static Builder builder() {
+    return new AutoValue_TestRobotComment.Builder();
+  }
+
+  @AutoValue.Builder
+  abstract static class Builder {
+    abstract Builder uuid(String uuid);
+
+    abstract Builder parentUuid(@Nullable String parentUuid);
+
+    abstract TestRobotComment build();
+  }
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestRobotCommentCreation.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestRobotCommentCreation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..809190d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/TestRobotCommentCreation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change;
+
+import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.ThrowingFunction;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change.TestRange.Position;
+import com.google.gerrit.common.Nullable;
+import com.google.gerrit.entities.Account;
+import com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Attributes of the robot comment. If not provided, arbitrary values will be used. This class is
+ * very similar to {@link TestCommentCreation} to allow separation between robot and human comments.
+ */
+@AutoValue
+public abstract class TestRobotCommentCreation {
+
+  public abstract Optional<String> message();
+
+  public abstract Optional<String> file();
+
+  public abstract Optional<Integer> line();
+
+  public abstract Optional<TestRange> range();
+
+  public abstract Optional<CommentSide> side();
+
+  public abstract Optional<Boolean> unresolved();
+
+  public abstract Optional<String> parentUuid();
+
+  public abstract Optional<String> tag();
+
+  public abstract Optional<Account.Id> author();
+
+  public abstract Optional<String> robotId();
+
+  public abstract Optional<String> robotRunId();
+
+  public abstract Optional<String> url();
+
+  public abstract ImmutableMap<String, String> properties();
+
+  abstract ThrowingFunction<TestRobotCommentCreation, String> commentCreator();
+
+  public static Builder builder(ThrowingFunction<TestRobotCommentCreation, String> commentCreator) {
+    return new AutoValue_TestRobotCommentCreation.Builder().commentCreator(commentCreator);
+  }
+
+  @AutoValue.Builder
+  public abstract static class Builder {
+
+    public Builder noMessage() {
+      return message("");
+    }
+
+    /** Message text of the comment. */
+    public abstract Builder message(String message);
+
+    /** Indicates a patchset-level comment. */
+    public Builder onPatchsetLevel() {
+      return file(Patch.PATCHSET_LEVEL);
+    }
+
+    /** Indicates a file comment. The comment will be on the specified file. */
+    public Builder onFileLevelOf(String filePath) {
+      return file(filePath).line(null).range(null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the fluent change to create a line comment. The line comment will be at the indicated
+     * line. Lines start with 1.
+     */
+    public FileBuilder<Builder> onLine(int line) {
+      return new FileBuilder<>(file -> file(file).line(line).range(null));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the fluent chain to create a range comment. The range begins at the specified line.
+     * Lines start at 1. The start position (line, charOffset) is inclusive, the end position (line,
+     * charOffset) is exclusive.
+     */
+    public PositionBuilder<StartAwarePositionBuilder<Builder>> fromLine(int startLine) {
+      return new PositionBuilder<>(
+          startCharOffset -> {
+            Position start = Position.builder().line(startLine).charOffset(startCharOffset).build();
+            TestRange.Builder testRangeBuilder = TestRange.builder().setStart(start);
+            return new StartAwarePositionBuilder<>(testRangeBuilder, this::range, this::file);
+          });
+    }
+
+    /** File on which the comment should be added. */
+    abstract Builder file(String filePath);
+
+    /** Line on which the comment should be added. */
+    abstract Builder line(@Nullable Integer line);
+
+    /** Range on which the comment should be added. */
+    abstract Builder range(@Nullable TestRange range);
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the comment refers to a file, line, range, ... in the commit of the patchset.
+     *
+     * <p>On the UI, such comments are shown on the right side of a diff view when a diff against
+     * base is selected. See {@link #onParentCommit()} for comments shown on the left side.
+     */
+    public Builder onPatchsetCommit() {
+      return side(CommentSide.PATCHSET_COMMIT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the comment refers to a file, line, range, ... in the parent commit of the
+     * patchset.
+     *
+     * <p>On the UI, such comments are shown on the left side of a diff view when a diff against
+     * base is selected. See {@link #onPatchsetCommit()} for comments shown on the right side.
+     *
+     * <p>For merge commits, this indicates the first parent commit.
+     */
+    public Builder onParentCommit() {
+      return side(CommentSide.PARENT_COMMIT);
+    }
+
+    /** Like {@link #onParentCommit()} but for the second parent of a merge commit. */
+    public Builder onSecondParentCommit() {
+      return side(CommentSide.SECOND_PARENT_COMMIT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #onParentCommit()} but for the AutoMerge commit created from the parents of a
+     * merge commit.
+     */
+    public Builder onAutoMergeCommit() {
+      return side(CommentSide.AUTO_MERGE_COMMIT);
+    }
+
+    abstract Builder side(CommentSide side);
+
+    /** Indicates a resolved comment. */
+    public Builder resolved() {
+      return unresolved(false);
+    }
+
+    /** Indicates an unresolved comment. */
+    public Builder unresolved() {
+      return unresolved(true);
+    }
+
+    abstract Builder unresolved(boolean unresolved);
+
+    /**
+     * UUID of another comment to which this comment is a reply. This comment must have similar
+     * attributes (e.g. file, line, side) as the parent comment. The parent comment must be a
+     * published comment.
+     */
+    public abstract Builder parentUuid(String parentUuid);
+
+    /** Tag to attach to the comment. */
+    public abstract Builder tag(String value);
+
+    /** Author of the comment. Must be an existing user account. */
+    public abstract Builder author(Account.Id accountId);
+
+    /** Id of the robot that created the comment. */
+    public abstract Builder robotId(String robotId);
+
+    /** An ID of the run of the robot that created the comment. */
+    public abstract Builder robotRunId(String robotRunId);
+
+    /** Url for more information for the robot comment. */
+    public abstract Builder url(String url);
+
+    /** Robot specific properties as map that maps arbitrary keys to values. */
+    public abstract Builder properties(Map<String, String> properties);
+
+    abstract ImmutableMap.Builder<String, String> propertiesBuilder();
+
+    public Builder addProperty(String key, String value) {
+      propertiesBuilder().put(key, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    abstract Builder commentCreator(
+        ThrowingFunction<TestRobotCommentCreation, String> commentCreator);
+
+    abstract TestRobotCommentCreation autoBuild();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the robot comment.
+     *
+     * @return the UUID of the created robot comment
+     */
+    public String create() {
+      TestRobotCommentCreation commentCreation = autoBuild();
+      return commentCreation.commentCreator().applyAndThrowSilently(commentCreation);
+    }
+  }
+}

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/extensions/common/testing/RobotCommentInfoSubject.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/extensions/common/testing/RobotCommentInfoSubject.java
index dd226ed..5176145 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/extensions/common/testing/RobotCommentInfoSubject.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/extensions/common/testing/RobotCommentInfoSubject.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import static com.google.gerrit.truth.ListSubject.elements;
 
 import com.google.common.truth.FailureMetadata;
+import com.google.common.truth.MapSubject;
 import com.google.common.truth.StringSubject;
 import com.google.common.truth.Subject;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.FixSuggestionInfo;
@@ -59,6 +60,26 @@
     return check("path").that(robotCommentInfo.path);
   }
 
+  public StringSubject robotId() {
+    isNotNull();
+    return check("robotId").that(robotCommentInfo.robotId);
+  }
+
+  public StringSubject robotRunId() {
+    isNotNull();
+    return check("robotRunId").that(robotCommentInfo.robotRunId);
+  }
+
+  public StringSubject url() {
+    isNotNull();
+    return check("url").that(robotCommentInfo.url);
+  }
+
+  public MapSubject properties() {
+    isNotNull();
+    return check("property").that(robotCommentInfo.properties);
+  }
+
   public FixSuggestionInfoSubject onlyFixSuggestion() {
     return fixSuggestions().onlyElement();
   }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CommentsUtil.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CommentsUtil.java
index 30913f7..b83eae8 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CommentsUtil.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/CommentsUtil.java

@@ -189,6 +189,12 @@
         .findFirst();
   }
 
+  public Optional<HumanComment> getPublishedHumanComment(ChangeNotes notes, String uuid) {
+    return publishedHumanCommentsByChange(notes).stream()
+        .filter(c -> c.key.uuid.equals(uuid))
+        .findFirst();
+  }
+
   public Optional<HumanComment> getDraft(ChangeNotes notes, IdentifiedUser user, Comment.Key key) {
     return draftByChangeAuthor(notes, user.getAccountId()).stream()
         .filter(c -> key.equals(c.key))
@@ -205,6 +211,10 @@
     return sort(Lists.newArrayList(notes.getRobotComments().values()));
   }
 
+  public Optional<RobotComment> getRobotComment(ChangeNotes notes, String uuid) {
+    return robotCommentsByChange(notes).stream().filter(c -> c.key.uuid.equals(uuid)).findFirst();
+  }
+
   public List<HumanComment> draftByChange(ChangeNotes notes) {
     List<HumanComment> comments = new ArrayList<>();
     for (Ref ref : getDraftRefs(notes.getChangeId())) {

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/change/DraftCommentResource.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/change/DraftCommentResource.java
index e0648cf..19a495d 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/change/DraftCommentResource.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/change/DraftCommentResource.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.RestResource;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.RestView;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.CurrentUser;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.notedb.ChangeNotes;
 import com.google.inject.TypeLiteral;
 
 public class DraftCommentResource implements RestResource {
@@ -50,6 +51,10 @@
     return comment;
   }
 
+  public ChangeNotes getNotes() {
+    return rev.getNotes();
+  }
+
   public String getId() {
     return comment.key.uuid;
   }

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/CreateDraftComment.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/CreateDraftComment.java
index b749e6a..399da8f 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/CreateDraftComment.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/CreateDraftComment.java

@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@
       throw new BadRequestException("line must be >= 0");
     } else if (in.line != null && in.range != null && in.line != in.range.endLine) {
       throw new BadRequestException("range endLine must be on the same line as the comment");
+    } else if (in.inReplyTo != null
+        && !commentsUtil.getPublishedHumanComment(rsrc.getNotes(), in.inReplyTo).isPresent()
+        && !commentsUtil.getRobotComment(rsrc.getNotes(), in.inReplyTo).isPresent()) {
+      throw new BadRequestException(
+          String.format("Invalid inReplyTo, comment %s not found", in.inReplyTo));
     }
 
     try (BatchUpdate bu =

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PostReview.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PostReview.java
index 9064dc8..32c1656 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PostReview.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PostReview.java

@@ -616,6 +616,7 @@
         ensureCommentNotOnMagicFilesOfAutoMerge(path, comment);
         ensureRangeIsValid(path, comment.range);
         ensureValidPatchsetLevelComment(path, comment);
+        ensureValidInReplyTo(revision.getNotes(), comment.inReplyTo);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -662,6 +663,16 @@
     }
   }
 
+  private void ensureValidInReplyTo(ChangeNotes changeNotes, String inReplyTo)
+      throws BadRequestException {
+    if (inReplyTo != null
+        && !commentsUtil.getPublishedHumanComment(changeNotes, inReplyTo).isPresent()
+        && !commentsUtil.getRobotComment(changeNotes, inReplyTo).isPresent()) {
+      throw new BadRequestException(
+          String.format("Invalid inReplyTo, comment %s not found", inReplyTo));
+    }
+  }
+
   private void checkRobotComments(
       RevisionResource revision, Map<String, List<RobotCommentInput>> in)
       throws BadRequestException, PatchListNotAvailableException {

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PutDraftComment.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PutDraftComment.java
index f327f16..17a8ff4 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PutDraftComment.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/server/restapi/change/PutDraftComment.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.CommentsUtil;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.PatchSetUtil;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.change.DraftCommentResource;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.notedb.ChangeNotes;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.notedb.ChangeUpdate;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.patch.PatchListCache;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.patch.PatchListNotAvailableException;
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
   private final PatchSetUtil psUtil;
   private final Provider<CommentJson> commentJson;
   private final PatchListCache patchListCache;
+  private final ChangeNotes.Factory changeNotesFactory;
 
   @Inject
   PutDraftComment(
@@ -63,13 +65,15 @@
       CommentsUtil commentsUtil,
       PatchSetUtil psUtil,
       Provider<CommentJson> commentJson,
-      PatchListCache patchListCache) {
+      PatchListCache patchListCache,
+      ChangeNotes.Factory changeNotesFactory) {
     this.updateFactory = updateFactory;
     this.delete = delete;
     this.commentsUtil = commentsUtil;
     this.psUtil = psUtil;
     this.commentJson = commentJson;
     this.patchListCache = patchListCache;
+    this.changeNotesFactory = changeNotesFactory;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -86,8 +90,12 @@
       throw new BadRequestException("patchset-level comments can't have side, range, or line");
     } else if (in.line != null && in.range != null && in.line != in.range.endLine) {
       throw new BadRequestException("range endLine must be on the same line as the comment");
+    } else if (in.inReplyTo != null
+        && !commentsUtil.getPublishedHumanComment(rsrc.getNotes(), in.inReplyTo).isPresent()
+        && !commentsUtil.getRobotComment(rsrc.getNotes(), in.inReplyTo).isPresent()) {
+      throw new BadRequestException(
+          String.format("Invalid inReplyTo, comment %s not found", in.inReplyTo));
     }
-
     try (BatchUpdate bu =
         updateFactory.create(rsrc.getChange().getProject(), rsrc.getUser(), TimeUtil.nowTs())) {
       Op op = new Op(rsrc.getComment().key, in);

diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/testing/TestCommentHelper.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/testing/TestCommentHelper.java
index 889bc18..76a5521 100644
--- a/java/com/google/gerrit/testing/TestCommentHelper.java
+++ b/java/com/google/gerrit/testing/TestCommentHelper.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.gerrit.entities.Change;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.api.GerritApi;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.api.changes.DraftInput;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.api.changes.ReviewInput;
@@ -148,13 +149,30 @@
     addRobotComment(targetChangeId, robotCommentInput, "robot comment test");
   }
 
+  public void addRobotComment(Change.Id targetChangeId, RobotCommentInput robotCommentInput)
+      throws Exception {
+    addRobotComment(targetChangeId, robotCommentInput, "robot comment test");
+  }
+
   public void addRobotComment(
       String targetChangeId, RobotCommentInput robotCommentInput, String message) throws Exception {
+    ReviewInput reviewInput = createReviewInput(robotCommentInput, message);
+    gApi.changes().id(targetChangeId).current().review(reviewInput);
+  }
+
+  public void addRobotComment(
+      Change.Id targetChangeId, RobotCommentInput robotCommentInput, String message)
+      throws Exception {
+    ReviewInput reviewInput = createReviewInput(robotCommentInput, message);
+    gApi.changes().id(targetChangeId.get()).current().review(reviewInput);
+  }
+
+  private ReviewInput createReviewInput(RobotCommentInput robotCommentInput, String message) {
     ReviewInput reviewInput = new ReviewInput();
     reviewInput.robotComments =
         Collections.singletonMap(robotCommentInput.path, ImmutableList.of(robotCommentInput));
     reviewInput.message = message;
     reviewInput.tag = ChangeMessagesUtil.AUTOGENERATED_TAG_PREFIX;
-    gApi.changes().id(targetChangeId).current().review(reviewInput);
+    return reviewInput;
   }
 }

diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/revision/RobotCommentsIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/revision/RobotCommentsIT.java
index 27b866b..1ad952c 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/revision/RobotCommentsIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/api/revision/RobotCommentsIT.java

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@
 
 package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.api.revision;
 
+import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet.toImmutableSet;
 import static com.google.common.collect.MoreCollectors.onlyElement;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static com.google.gerrit.acceptance.PushOneCommit.SUBJECT;
+import static com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch.COMMIT_MSG;
 import static com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch.PATCHSET_LEVEL;
 import static com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.ListChangesOption.MESSAGES;
 import static com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.testing.DiffInfoSubject.assertThat;
@@ -32,8 +34,11 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.PushOneCommit;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.UseClockStep;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.config.GerritConfig;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.change.ChangeOperations;
+import com.google.gerrit.entities.Change;
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.api.changes.PublishChangeEditInput;
+import com.google.gerrit.extensions.api.changes.ReviewInput;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.api.changes.ReviewInput.RobotCommentInput;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.Comment;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.Side;
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@
 
 public class RobotCommentsIT extends AbstractDaemonTest {
   @Inject private TestCommentHelper testCommentHelper;
+  @Inject private ChangeOperations changeOperations;
 
   private static final String PLAIN_TEXT_CONTENT_TYPE = "text/plain";
   private static final String GERRIT_COMMIT_MESSAGE_TYPE = "text/x-gerrit-commit-message";
@@ -320,6 +326,58 @@
   }
 
   @Test
+  public void robotCommentInvalidInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    RobotCommentInput input = TestCommentHelper.createRobotCommentInput(PATCHSET_LEVEL);
+    input.inReplyTo = "invalid";
+    BadRequestException ex =
+        assertThrows(
+            BadRequestException.class, () -> testCommentHelper.addRobotComment(changeId, input));
+    assertThat(ex.getMessage()).contains("inReplyTo");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void canCreateRobotCommentWithRobotCommentAsParent() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentRobotCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+
+    ReviewInput.RobotCommentInput robotCommentInput =
+        TestCommentHelper.createRobotCommentInputWithMandatoryFields(COMMIT_MSG);
+    robotCommentInput.message = "comment reply";
+    robotCommentInput.inReplyTo = parentRobotCommentUuid;
+    testCommentHelper.addRobotComment(changeId, robotCommentInput);
+
+    RobotCommentInfo resultComment =
+        Iterables.getOnlyElement(
+            gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).current().robotCommentsAsList().stream()
+                .filter(c -> c.message.equals("comment reply"))
+                .collect(toImmutableSet()));
+    assertThat(resultComment.inReplyTo).isEqualTo(parentRobotCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void canCreateRobotCommentWithHumanCommentAsParent() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String changeIdString = changeOperations.change(changeId).get().changeId();
+    String parentCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().create();
+
+    ReviewInput.RobotCommentInput robotCommentInput =
+        TestCommentHelper.createRobotCommentInputWithMandatoryFields(COMMIT_MSG);
+    robotCommentInput.message = "comment reply";
+    robotCommentInput.inReplyTo = parentCommentUuid;
+    testCommentHelper.addRobotComment(changeIdString, robotCommentInput);
+
+    RobotCommentInfo resultComment =
+        Iterables.getOnlyElement(
+            gApi.changes().id(changeIdString).current().robotCommentsAsList().stream()
+                .filter(c -> c.message.equals("comment reply"))
+                .collect(toImmutableSet()));
+    assertThat(resultComment.inReplyTo).isEqualTo(parentCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
   public void hugeRobotCommentIsRejected() {
     int defaultSizeLimit = 1 << 20;
     fixReplacementInfo.replacement = getStringFor(defaultSizeLimit + 1);

diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/server/change/CommentsIT.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/server/change/CommentsIT.java
index 88705e1..0cdff4e 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/server/change/CommentsIT.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/server/change/CommentsIT.java

@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@
 
 package com.google.gerrit.acceptance.server.change;
 
+import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet.toImmutableSet;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth8.assertThat;
 import static com.google.gerrit.acceptance.PushOneCommit.FILE_NAME;
 import static com.google.gerrit.acceptance.PushOneCommit.SUBJECT;
+import static com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch.COMMIT_MSG;
 import static com.google.gerrit.entities.Patch.PATCHSET_LEVEL;
 import static com.google.gerrit.testing.GerritJUnit.assertThrows;
 import static com.google.gerrit.truth.MapSubject.assertThatMap;
@@ -51,7 +53,6 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.Side;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.ChangeInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.CommentInfo;
-import com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.RobotCommentInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.AuthException;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.BadRequestException;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.IdString;
@@ -658,6 +659,34 @@
   }
 
   @Test
+  public void putDraft_humanInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().create();
+
+    DraftInput draft = newDraft(COMMIT_MSG, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
+    draft.inReplyTo = parentCommentUuid;
+    String createdDraftUuid = addDraft(changeId, draft).id;
+    TestHumanComment actual =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).draftComment(createdDraftUuid).get();
+    assertThat(actual.parentUuid()).hasValue(parentCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void putDraft_robotInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentRobotCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+
+    DraftInput draft = newDraft(COMMIT_MSG, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
+    draft.inReplyTo = parentRobotCommentUuid;
+    String createdDraftUuid = addDraft(changeId, draft).id;
+    TestHumanComment actual =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).draftComment(createdDraftUuid).get();
+    assertThat(actual.parentUuid()).hasValue(parentRobotCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
   public void putDraft_idMismatch() throws Exception {
     String file = "file";
     PushOneCommit.Result r = createChange();
@@ -702,6 +731,16 @@
   }
 
   @Test
+  public void putDraft_invalidInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    DraftInput draft = newDraft(COMMIT_MSG, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
+    draft.inReplyTo = "invalid";
+    BadRequestException exception =
+        assertThrows(BadRequestException.class, () -> addDraft(changeId, draft));
+    assertThat(exception.getMessage()).contains(String.format("%s not found", draft.inReplyTo));
+  }
+
+  @Test
   public void putDraft_updatePath() throws Exception {
     PushOneCommit.Result r = createChange();
     String changeId = r.getChangeId();
@@ -715,22 +754,62 @@
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void putDraft_updateInReplyToAndTag() throws Exception {
-    PushOneCommit.Result r = createChange();
-    String changeId = r.getChangeId();
-    String revId = r.getCommit().getName();
-    DraftInput draftInput1 = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
-    CommentInfo commentInfo = addDraft(changeId, revId, draftInput1);
-    DraftInput draftInput2 = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "bar");
-    String inReplyTo = "in_reply_to";
+  public void putDraft_updateInvalidInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    DraftInput originalDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
+    CommentInfo originalDraft = addDraft(changeId, originalDraftInput);
+
+    DraftInput updatedDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "bar");
+    updatedDraftInput.inReplyTo = "invalid";
+    BadRequestException exception =
+        assertThrows(
+            BadRequestException.class,
+            () -> updateDraft(changeId, updatedDraftInput, originalDraft.id));
+    assertThat(exception.getMessage()).contains(String.format("Invalid inReplyTo"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void putDraft_updateHumanInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().create();
+    DraftInput originalDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
+    CommentInfo originalDraft = addDraft(changeId, originalDraftInput);
+
+    DraftInput updateDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "bar");
+    updateDraftInput.inReplyTo = parentCommentUuid;
+    updateDraft(changeId, updateDraftInput, originalDraft.id);
+    assertThat(changeOperations.change(changeId).draftComment(originalDraft.id).get().parentUuid())
+        .hasValue(parentCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void putDraft_updateRobotInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentRobotCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+    DraftInput originalDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
+    CommentInfo originalDraft = addDraft(changeId, originalDraftInput);
+
+    DraftInput updateDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "bar");
+    updateDraftInput.inReplyTo = parentRobotCommentUuid;
+    updateDraft(changeId, updateDraftInput, originalDraft.id);
+    assertThat(changeOperations.change(changeId).draftComment(originalDraft.id).get().parentUuid())
+        .hasValue(parentRobotCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void putDraft_updateTag() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    DraftInput originalDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "foo");
+    CommentInfo originalDraft = addDraft(changeId, originalDraftInput);
+
+    DraftInput updateDraftInput = newDraft(FILE_NAME, Side.REVISION, 0, "bar");
     String tag = "täg";
-    draftInput2.inReplyTo = inReplyTo;
-    draftInput2.tag = tag;
-    updateDraft(changeId, revId, draftInput2, commentInfo.id);
-    com.google.gerrit.entities.Comment comment =
-        Iterables.getOnlyElement(commentsUtil.draftByChange(r.getChange().notes()));
-    assertThat(comment.parentUuid).isEqualTo(inReplyTo);
-    assertThat(comment.tag).isEqualTo(tag);
+    updateDraftInput.tag = tag;
+    updateDraft(changeId, updateDraftInput, originalDraft.id);
+    assertThat(changeOperations.change(changeId).draftComment(originalDraft.id).get().tag())
+        .hasValue(tag);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -1474,26 +1553,73 @@
 
   @Test
   public void canCreateHumanCommentWithRobotCommentAsParentAndUnsetUnresolved() throws Exception {
-    PushOneCommit.Result result = createChange();
-    String changeId = result.getChangeId();
-    String ps1 = result.getCommit().name();
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentRobotCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
 
-    testCommentHelper.addRobotComment(
-        result.getChangeId(),
-        TestCommentHelper.createRobotCommentInputWithMandatoryFields(FILE_NAME));
-    RobotCommentInfo robotCommentInfo =
-        Iterables.getOnlyElement(gApi.changes().id(changeId).current().robotCommentsAsList());
+    CommentInput createdCommentInput = newComment(COMMIT_MSG, "comment reply");
+    createdCommentInput.inReplyTo = parentRobotCommentUuid;
+    createdCommentInput.unresolved = null;
+    addComments(changeId, createdCommentInput);
 
-    CommentInput comment = newComment(FILE_NAME, "comment 1 reply");
-    comment.inReplyTo = robotCommentInfo.id;
-    comment.unresolved = null;
-    addComments(changeId, ps1, comment);
+    CommentInfo resultNewComment =
+        Iterables.getOnlyElement(
+            getPublishedCommentsAsList(changeId).stream()
+                .filter(c -> c.message.equals("comment reply"))
+                .collect(toImmutableSet()));
 
-    CommentInfo resultComment = Iterables.getOnlyElement(getPublishedCommentsAsList(changeId));
-    assertThat(resultComment.inReplyTo).isEqualTo(robotCommentInfo.id);
+    assertThat(resultNewComment.inReplyTo).isEqualTo(parentRobotCommentUuid);
 
     // Default unresolved is false.
-    assertThat(resultComment.unresolved).isFalse();
+    assertThat(resultNewComment.unresolved).isFalse();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void canCreateHumanCommentWithHumanCommentAsParent() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().create();
+
+    CommentInput createdCommentInput = newComment(COMMIT_MSG, "comment reply");
+    createdCommentInput.inReplyTo = parentCommentUuid;
+    addComments(changeId, createdCommentInput);
+
+    CommentInfo resultNewComment =
+        Iterables.getOnlyElement(
+            getPublishedCommentsAsList(changeId).stream()
+                .filter(c -> c.message.equals("comment reply"))
+                .collect(toImmutableSet()));
+    assertThat(resultNewComment.inReplyTo).isEqualTo(parentCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void canCreateHumanCommentWithRobotCommentAsParent() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentRobotCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+
+    CommentInput createdCommentInput = newComment(COMMIT_MSG, "comment reply");
+    createdCommentInput.inReplyTo = parentRobotCommentUuid;
+    addComments(changeId, createdCommentInput);
+
+    CommentInfo resultNewComment =
+        Iterables.getOnlyElement(
+            getPublishedCommentsAsList(changeId).stream()
+                .filter(c -> c.message.equals("comment reply"))
+                .collect(toImmutableSet()));
+    assertThat(resultNewComment.inReplyTo).isEqualTo(parentRobotCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void cannotCreateCommentWithInvalidInReplyTo() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    CommentInput comment = newComment(COMMIT_MSG, "comment 1 reply");
+    comment.inReplyTo = "invalid";
+
+    BadRequestException exception =
+        assertThrows(BadRequestException.class, () -> addComments(changeId, comment));
+    assertThat(exception.getMessage()).contains(String.format("%s not found", comment.inReplyTo));
   }
 
   private List<CommentInfo> getRevisionComments(String changeId, String revId) throws Exception {
@@ -1510,6 +1636,12 @@
     return comment;
   }
 
+  private void addComments(Change.Id changeId, CommentInput... commentInputs) throws Exception {
+    ReviewInput input = new ReviewInput();
+    input.comments = Arrays.stream(commentInputs).collect(groupingBy(c -> c.path));
+    gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).current().review(input);
+  }
+
   private void addComments(String changeId, String revision, CommentInput... commentInputs)
       throws Exception {
     ReviewInput input = new ReviewInput();
@@ -1517,6 +1649,12 @@
     gApi.changes().id(changeId).revision(revision).review(input);
   }
 
+  private void addComments(String changeId, CommentInput... commentInputs) throws Exception {
+    ReviewInput input = new ReviewInput();
+    input.comments = Arrays.stream(commentInputs).collect(groupingBy(c -> c.path));
+    gApi.changes().id(changeId).current().review(input);
+  }
+
   /**
    * All the commits, which contain the target comment before, should still contain the comment with
    * the updated message. All the other metas of the commits should be exactly the same.
@@ -1610,11 +1748,31 @@
     return gApi.changes().id(changeId).revision(revId).createDraft(in).get();
   }
 
+  private CommentInfo addDraft(Change.Id changeId, String revId, DraftInput in) throws Exception {
+    return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).revision(revId).createDraft(in).get();
+  }
+
+  private CommentInfo addDraft(String changeId, DraftInput in) throws Exception {
+    return gApi.changes().id(changeId).current().createDraft(in).get();
+  }
+
+  private CommentInfo addDraft(Change.Id changeId, DraftInput in) throws Exception {
+    return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).current().createDraft(in).get();
+  }
+
   private void updateDraft(String changeId, String revId, DraftInput in, String uuid)
       throws Exception {
     gApi.changes().id(changeId).revision(revId).draft(uuid).update(in);
   }
 
+  private void updateDraft(String changeId, DraftInput in, String uuid) throws Exception {
+    gApi.changes().id(changeId).current().draft(uuid).update(in);
+  }
+
+  private void updateDraft(Change.Id changeId, DraftInput in, String uuid) throws Exception {
+    gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).current().draft(uuid).update(in);
+  }
+
   private void deleteDraft(String changeId, String revId, String uuid) throws Exception {
     gApi.changes().id(changeId).revision(revId).draft(uuid).delete();
   }
@@ -1633,6 +1791,10 @@
     return gApi.changes().id(changeId).commentsAsList();
   }
 
+  private List<CommentInfo> getPublishedCommentsAsList(Change.Id changeId) throws Exception {
+    return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).commentsAsList();
+  }
+
   private Map<String, List<CommentInfo>> getDraftComments(String changeId, String revId)
       throws Exception {
     return gApi.changes().id(changeId).revision(revId).drafts();

diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImplTest.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImplTest.java
index 975d7ec..0bd6554 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImplTest.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/ChangeOperationsImplTest.java

@@ -1175,6 +1175,39 @@
   }
 
   @Test
+  public void tagOfPublishedCommentCanBeRetrieved() {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String childCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().tag("tag").create();
+
+    TestHumanComment comment = changeOperations.change(changeId).comment(childCommentUuid).get();
+
+    assertThat(comment.tag()).value().isEqualTo("tag");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void unresolvedOfUnresolvedPublishedCommentCanBeRetrieved() {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String childCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().unresolved().create();
+
+    TestHumanComment comment = changeOperations.change(changeId).comment(childCommentUuid).get();
+
+    assertThat(comment.unresolved()).isTrue();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void unresolvedOfResolvedPublishedCommentCanBeRetrieved() {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String childCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().resolved().create();
+
+    TestHumanComment comment = changeOperations.change(changeId).comment(childCommentUuid).get();
+
+    assertThat(comment.unresolved()).isFalse();
+  }
+
+  @Test
   public void draftCommentCanBeRetrieved() {
     Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
     String commentUuid = changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().create();
@@ -1212,6 +1245,36 @@
     assertThat(comment.parentUuid()).value().isEqualTo(parentCommentUuid);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeRetrieved() {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+
+    TestRobotComment comment = changeOperations.change(changeId).robotComment(commentUuid).get();
+
+    assertThat(comment.uuid()).isEqualTo(commentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void parentUuidOfRobotCommentCanBeRetrieved() {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+    String childCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .parentUuid(parentCommentUuid)
+            .create();
+
+    TestRobotComment comment =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).robotComment(childCommentUuid).get();
+
+    assertThat(comment.parentUuid()).value().isEqualTo(parentCommentUuid);
+  }
+
   private ChangeInfo getChangeFromServer(Change.Id changeId) throws RestApiException {
     return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).get();
   }

diff --git a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PatchsetOperationsImplTest.java b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PatchsetOperationsImplTest.java
index cf687aa..fa28396 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PatchsetOperationsImplTest.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/gerrit/acceptance/testsuite/change/PatchsetOperationsImplTest.java

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 import static com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.testing.CommentInfoSubject.assertThat;
 import static com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.testing.CommentInfoSubject.assertThatList;
+import static com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.testing.RobotCommentInfoSubject.assertThat;
+import static com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.testing.RobotCommentInfoSubject.assertThatList;
 
 import com.google.common.truth.Correspondence;
 import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.AbstractDaemonTest;
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.entities.PatchSet;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.Side;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.CommentInfo;
+import com.google.gerrit.extensions.common.RobotCommentInfo;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.RestApiException;
 import com.google.gerrit.truth.NullAwareCorrespondence;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
@@ -44,7 +47,6 @@
     Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
 
     String commentUuid = changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newComment().create();
-
     List<CommentInfo> comments = getCommentsFromServer(changeId);
     assertThatList(comments).comparingElementsUsing(hasUuid()).containsExactly(commentUuid);
   }
@@ -643,10 +645,393 @@
     assertThatList(comments).isEmpty();
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedWithoutSpecifyingAnyParameters() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+    List<RobotCommentInfo> robotComments = getRobotCommentsFromServerFromCurrentPatchset(changeId);
+    assertThatList(robotComments).comparingElementsUsing(hasUuid()).containsExactly(commentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedOnOlderPatchset() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    PatchSet.Id previousPatchsetId =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().get().patchsetId();
+    changeOperations.change(changeId).newPatchset().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).patchset(previousPatchsetId).newRobotComment().create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServer(previousPatchsetId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).uuid().isEqualTo(commentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentIsCreatedWithSpecifiedMessage() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .message("Test comment message")
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).message().isEqualTo("Test comment message");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedWithEmptyMessage() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().noMessage().create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).message().isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void patchsetLevelRobotCommentCanBeCreated() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onPatchsetLevel()
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).path().isEqualTo(Patch.PATCHSET_LEVEL);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void fileRobotCommentCanBeCreated() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().file("file1").content("Line 1").create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onFileLevelOf("file1")
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).path().isEqualTo("file1");
+    assertThat(comment).line().isNull();
+    assertThat(comment).range().isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void lineRobotCommentCanBeCreated() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId =
+        changeOperations
+            .newChange()
+            .file("file1")
+            .content("Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3\nLine 4\n")
+            .create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onLine(3)
+            .ofFile("file1")
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).line().isEqualTo(3);
+    assertThat(comment).range().isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void rangeRobotCommentCanBeCreated() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId =
+        changeOperations
+            .newChange()
+            .file("file1")
+            .content("Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3\nLine 4\n")
+            .create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .fromLine(2)
+            .charOffset(4)
+            .toLine(3)
+            .charOffset(5)
+            .ofFile("file1")
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).range().startLine().isEqualTo(2);
+    assertThat(comment).range().startCharacter().isEqualTo(4);
+    assertThat(comment).range().endLine().isEqualTo(3);
+    assertThat(comment).range().endCharacter().isEqualTo(5);
+    // Line is automatically filled from specified range. It's the end line.
+    assertThat(comment).line().isEqualTo(3);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedOnPatchsetCommit() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onPatchsetCommit()
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    // Null is often used instead of Side.REVISION as Side.REVISION is the default.
+    assertThat(comment).side().isAnyOf(Side.REVISION, null);
+    assertThat(comment).parent().isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedOnParentCommit() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onParentCommit()
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).side().isEqualTo(Side.PARENT);
+    assertThat(comment).parent().isEqualTo(1);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedOnSecondParentCommit() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id parent1ChangeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    Change.Id parent2ChangeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    Change.Id changeId =
+        changeOperations
+            .newChange()
+            .mergeOf()
+            .change(parent1ChangeId)
+            .and()
+            .change(parent2ChangeId)
+            .create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onSecondParentCommit()
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).side().isEqualTo(Side.PARENT);
+    assertThat(comment).parent().isEqualTo(2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedOnNonExistingSecondParentCommit() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id parentChangeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().childOf().change(parentChangeId).create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onSecondParentCommit()
+            .create();
+
+    // We want to be able to create such invalid robot comments for testing purposes (e.g. testing
+    // error handling or resilience of an endpoint) and hence we need to allow such invalid robot
+    // comments in the test API.
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).side().isEqualTo(Side.PARENT);
+    assertThat(comment).parent().isEqualTo(2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedOnAutoMergeCommit() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id parent1ChangeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    Change.Id parent2ChangeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    Change.Id changeId =
+        changeOperations
+            .newChange()
+            .mergeOf()
+            .change(parent1ChangeId)
+            .and()
+            .change(parent2ChangeId)
+            .create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .onAutoMergeCommit()
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).side().isEqualTo(Side.PARENT);
+    assertThat(comment).parent().isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedAsResolved() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().resolved().create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).unresolved().isFalse();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentCanBeCreatedAsUnresolved() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().unresolved().create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).unresolved().isTrue();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void replyToRobotCommentCanBeCreated() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    String parentCommentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .parentUuid(parentCommentUuid)
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).inReplyTo().isEqualTo(parentCommentUuid);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void tagCanBeAttachedToARobotComment() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .tag("my special tag")
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).tag().isEqualTo("my special tag");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentIsCreatedWithSpecifiedAuthor() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+    Account.Id accountId = accountOperations.newAccount().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .author(accountId)
+            .create();
+
+    CommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).author().id().isEqualTo(accountId.get());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentIsCreatedWithRobotId() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .robotId("robot-id")
+            .create();
+
+    RobotCommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).robotId().isEqualTo("robot-id");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentIsCreatedWithRobotRunId() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .robotId("robot-run-id")
+            .create();
+
+    RobotCommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).robotId().isEqualTo("robot-run-id");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentIsCreatedWithUrl() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations.change(changeId).currentPatchset().newRobotComment().url("url").create();
+
+    RobotCommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).url().isEqualTo("url");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void robotCommentIsCreatedWithProperty() throws Exception {
+    Change.Id changeId = changeOperations.newChange().create();
+
+    String commentUuid =
+        changeOperations
+            .change(changeId)
+            .currentPatchset()
+            .newRobotComment()
+            .addProperty("key", "value")
+            .create();
+
+    RobotCommentInfo comment = getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(changeId, commentUuid);
+    assertThat(comment).properties().containsExactly("key", "value");
+  }
+
   private List<CommentInfo> getCommentsFromServer(Change.Id changeId) throws RestApiException {
     return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).commentsAsList();
   }
 
+  private List<RobotCommentInfo> getRobotCommentsFromServerFromCurrentPatchset(Change.Id changeId)
+      throws RestApiException {
+    return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).current().robotCommentsAsList();
+  }
+
   private List<CommentInfo> getDraftCommentsFromServer(Change.Id changeId) throws RestApiException {
     return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).draftsAsList();
   }
@@ -662,6 +1047,33 @@
                     String.format("Comment %s not found on change %d", uuid, changeId.get())));
   }
 
+  private RobotCommentInfo getRobotCommentFromServerInCurrentPatchset(
+      Change.Id changeId, String uuid) throws RestApiException {
+    return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).current().robotCommentsAsList().stream()
+        .filter(comment -> comment.id.equals(uuid))
+        .findAny()
+        .orElseThrow(
+            () ->
+                new IllegalStateException(
+                    String.format(
+                        "Robot Comment %s not found on change %d on the latest patchset",
+                        uuid, changeId.get())));
+  }
+
+  private RobotCommentInfo getRobotCommentFromServer(PatchSet.Id patchsetId, String uuid)
+      throws RestApiException {
+    return gApi.changes().id(patchsetId.changeId().toString())
+        .revision(patchsetId.getId().toString()).robotCommentsAsList().stream()
+        .filter(comment -> comment.id.equals(uuid))
+        .findAny()
+        .orElseThrow(
+            () ->
+                new IllegalStateException(
+                    String.format(
+                        "Robot Comment %s not found on change %d on patchset %d",
+                        uuid, patchsetId.changeId().get(), patchsetId.get())));
+  }
+
   private CommentInfo getDraftCommentFromServer(Change.Id changeId, String uuid)
       throws RestApiException {
     return gApi.changes().id(changeId.get()).draftsAsList().stream()