diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ConfigResource.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ConfigResource.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b41fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ConfigResource.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+
+/**
+ * Separates configuration resource from the configuration schema.
+ *
+ * <p>The {@code ConfigResource} splits configuration source from configuration options. The
+ * resource is just an {@code Config} object with its version. The configuration options can be
+ * loaded from different sources eg. a single file, multiple files or ZooKeeper.
+ *
+ * <p>Here we don't assume any configuration options being present in the {@link Config} object,
+ * this is the responsibility of {@link ReplicationConfig} interface. Think about {@code
+ * ConfigResource} as a "plain text file" and {@code ReplicationConfig} as a XML file.
+ */
+public interface ConfigResource {
+
+  /**
+   * Configuration for the plugin and all replication end points.
+   *
+   * @return current configuration
+   */
+  Config getConfig();
+
+  /**
+   * Current logical version string of the current configuration loaded in memory, depending on the
+   * actual implementation of the configuration on the persistent storage.
+   *
+   * @return current logical version number.
+   */
+  String getVersion();
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfig.java
index b915d0d..80d8b9d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfig.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import static com.google.common.io.Files.getNameWithoutExtension;
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
 import com.google.common.hash.Hasher;
@@ -43,12 +44,20 @@
   private final Config config;
   private final Path remoteConfigsDirPath;
 
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public FanoutReplicationConfig(SitePaths sitePaths, @PluginData Path pluginDataDir)
+      throws IOException, ConfigInvalidException {
+    this(
+        new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(new FileConfigResource(sitePaths), sitePaths, pluginDataDir),
+        sitePaths);
+  }
+
   @Inject
-  public FanoutReplicationConfig(SitePaths site, @PluginData Path pluginDataDir)
+  FanoutReplicationConfig(ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationConfig, SitePaths site)
       throws IOException, ConfigInvalidException {
 
     remoteConfigsDirPath = site.etc_dir.resolve("replication");
-    replicationConfig = new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(site, pluginDataDir);
+    this.replicationConfig = replicationConfig;
     config = replicationConfig.getConfig();
     removeRemotes(config);
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FileConfigResource.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FileConfigResource.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aad4666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FileConfigResource.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
+
+import static com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationQueue.repLog;
+
+import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
+
+public class FileConfigResource implements ConfigResource {
+  public static final String CONFIG_NAME = "replication.config";
+  private final FileBasedConfig config;
+
+  @Inject
+  FileConfigResource(SitePaths site) {
+    Path cfgPath = site.etc_dir.resolve(CONFIG_NAME);
+    this.config = new FileBasedConfig(cfgPath.toFile(), FS.DETECTED);
+    try {
+      config.load();
+    } catch (ConfigInvalidException e) {
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Config file %s is invalid: %s", cfgPath, e.getMessage());
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Cannot read %s: %s", cfgPath, e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Config getConfig() {
+    return config;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getVersion() {
+    return Long.toString(config.getFile().lastModified());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfigModule.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfigModule.java
index a2edd0b..2cc3982 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfigModule.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfigModule.java
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
 
+import static com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.FileConfigResource.CONFIG_NAME;
+
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.events.LifecycleListener;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
 import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@
   @Inject
   ReplicationConfigModule(SitePaths site) {
     this.site = site;
-    this.cfgPath = site.etc_dir.resolve("replication.config");
+    this.cfgPath = site.etc_dir.resolve(CONFIG_NAME);
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java
index eed7556..9f45702 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java
@@ -13,46 +13,39 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
 
-import static com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationQueue.repLog;
-
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.base.Strings;
 import com.google.gerrit.common.Nullable;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.annotations.PluginData;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
 
 public class ReplicationFileBasedConfig implements ReplicationConfig {
   private static final int DEFAULT_SSH_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MS = 2 * 60 * 1000; // 2 minutes
 
   private final SitePaths site;
-  private Path cfgPath;
   private boolean replicateAllOnPluginStart;
   private boolean defaultForceUpdate;
   private int maxRefsToLog;
   private final int maxRefsToShow;
   private int sshCommandTimeout;
   private int sshConnectionTimeout = DEFAULT_SSH_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MS;
-  private final FileBasedConfig config;
+  private final ConfigResource configResource;
   private final Path pluginDataDir;
 
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public ReplicationFileBasedConfig(SitePaths paths, @PluginData Path pluginDataDir) {
+    this(new FileConfigResource(paths), paths, pluginDataDir);
+  }
+
   @Inject
-  public ReplicationFileBasedConfig(SitePaths site, @PluginData Path pluginDataDir) {
+  public ReplicationFileBasedConfig(
+      FileConfigResource configResource, SitePaths site, @PluginData Path pluginDataDir) {
     this.site = site;
-    this.cfgPath = site.etc_dir.resolve("replication.config");
-    this.config = new FileBasedConfig(cfgPath.toFile(), FS.DETECTED);
-    try {
-      config.load();
-    } catch (ConfigInvalidException e) {
-      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Config file %s is invalid: %s", cfgPath, e.getMessage());
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Cannot read %s: %s", cfgPath, e.getMessage());
-    }
+    this.configResource = configResource;
+    Config config = configResource.getConfig();
     this.replicateAllOnPluginStart = config.getBoolean("gerrit", "replicateOnStartup", false);
     this.defaultForceUpdate = config.getBoolean("gerrit", "defaultForceUpdate", false);
     this.maxRefsToLog = config.getInt("gerrit", "maxRefsToLog", 0);
@@ -93,7 +86,7 @@
 
   @Override
   public int getDistributionInterval() {
-    return config.getInt("replication", "distributionInterval", 0);
+    return getConfig().getInt("replication", "distributionInterval", 0);
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -108,7 +101,7 @@
 
   @Override
   public Path getEventsDirectory() {
-    String eventsDirectory = config.getString("replication", null, "eventsDirectory");
+    String eventsDirectory = getConfig().getString("replication", null, "eventsDirectory");
     if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(eventsDirectory)) {
       return site.resolve(eventsDirectory);
     }
@@ -117,12 +110,12 @@
 
   @Override
   public Config getConfig() {
-    return config;
+    return configResource.getConfig();
   }
 
   @Override
   public String getVersion() {
-    return Long.toString(config.getFile().lastModified());
+    return configResource.getVersion();
   }
 
   @Override