diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecorator.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecorator.java
index c043baf..782ff4f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecorator.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecorator.java
@@ -25,13 +25,14 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
 
 @Singleton
 public class AutoReloadConfigDecorator implements ReplicationConfig, LifecycleListener {
   private static final long RELOAD_DELAY = 120;
   private static final long RELOAD_INTERVAL = 60;
 
-  private volatile ReplicationFileBasedConfig currentConfig;
+  private volatile ReplicationConfig currentConfig;
 
   private final ScheduledExecutorService autoReloadExecutor;
   private ScheduledFuture<?> autoReloadRunnable;
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
   public AutoReloadConfigDecorator(
       @PluginName String pluginName,
       WorkQueue workQueue,
-      ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationConfig,
+      @MainReplicationConfig ReplicationConfig replicationConfig,
       AutoReloadRunnable reloadRunner,
       EventBus eventBus) {
     this.currentConfig = replicationConfig;
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@
   }
 
   @Subscribe
-  public void onReload(ReplicationFileBasedConfig newConfig) {
+  public void onReload(ReplicationConfig newConfig) {
     currentConfig = newConfig;
   }
 
@@ -117,4 +118,9 @@
   public synchronized int getSshCommandTimeout() {
     return currentConfig.getSshCommandTimeout();
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public Config getConfig() {
+    return currentConfig.getConfig();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnable.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnable.java
index a1084a8..71f7c67 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnable.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnable.java
@@ -16,42 +16,34 @@
 
 import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
 import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
-import com.google.gerrit.extensions.annotations.PluginData;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Provider;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class AutoReloadRunnable implements Runnable {
   private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
 
-  private final SitePaths site;
-  private final Path pluginDataDir;
   private final EventBus eventBus;
   private final Provider<ObservableQueue> queueObserverProvider;
-  private final ReplicationConfigValidator configValidator;
-
-  private ReplicationFileBasedConfig loadedConfig;
+  private final ConfigParser configParser;
+  private ReplicationConfig loadedConfig;
+  private Provider<ReplicationConfig> replicationConfigProvider;
   private String loadedConfigVersion;
   private String lastFailedConfigVersion;
 
   @Inject
   public AutoReloadRunnable(
-      ReplicationConfigValidator configValidator,
-      ReplicationFileBasedConfig config,
-      SitePaths site,
-      @PluginData Path pluginDataDir,
+      ConfigParser configParser,
+      @MainReplicationConfig Provider<ReplicationConfig> replicationConfigProvider,
       EventBus eventBus,
       Provider<ObservableQueue> queueObserverProvider) {
-    this.loadedConfig = config;
-    this.loadedConfigVersion = config.getVersion();
+    this.replicationConfigProvider = replicationConfigProvider;
+    this.loadedConfig = replicationConfigProvider.get();
+    this.loadedConfigVersion = loadedConfig.getVersion();
     this.lastFailedConfigVersion = "";
-    this.site = site;
-    this.pluginDataDir = pluginDataDir;
     this.eventBus = eventBus;
     this.queueObserverProvider = queueObserverProvider;
-    this.configValidator = configValidator;
+    this.configParser = configParser;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -71,9 +63,9 @@
   synchronized void reload() {
     String pendingConfigVersion = loadedConfig.getVersion();
     try {
-      ReplicationFileBasedConfig newConfig = new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(site, pluginDataDir);
+      ReplicationConfig newConfig = replicationConfigProvider.get();
       final List<RemoteConfiguration> newValidDestinations =
-          configValidator.validateConfig(newConfig);
+          configParser.parseRemotes(newConfig.getConfig());
       loadedConfig = newConfig;
       loadedConfigVersion = newConfig.getVersion();
       lastFailedConfigVersion = "";
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadSecureCredentialsFactoryDecorator.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadSecureCredentialsFactoryDecorator.java
index 98f364d..5bae0af 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadSecureCredentialsFactoryDecorator.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadSecureCredentialsFactoryDecorator.java
@@ -31,11 +31,10 @@
   private final AtomicReference<SecureCredentialsFactory> secureCredentialsFactory;
   private volatile long secureCredentialsFactoryLoadTs;
   private final SitePaths site;
-  private ReplicationFileBasedConfig config;
+  private ReplicationConfig config;
 
   @Inject
-  public AutoReloadSecureCredentialsFactoryDecorator(
-      SitePaths site, ReplicationFileBasedConfig config)
+  public AutoReloadSecureCredentialsFactoryDecorator(SitePaths site, ReplicationConfig config)
       throws ConfigInvalidException, IOException {
     this.site = site;
     this.config = config;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ConfigParser.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ConfigParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66251a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ConfigParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
+
+import static com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationQueue.repLog;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RefSpec;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RemoteConfig;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.URIish;
+
+public class ConfigParser {
+
+  private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
+
+  /**
+   * parse the new replication config
+   *
+   * @param config new configuration to parse
+   * @return List of parsed {@link RemoteConfiguration}
+   * @throws ConfigInvalidException if the new configuration is not valid.
+   */
+  public List<RemoteConfiguration> parseRemotes(Config config) throws ConfigInvalidException {
+
+    if (config.getSections().isEmpty()) {
+      logger.atWarning().log("Replication config does not exist or it's empty; not replicating");
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    boolean defaultForceUpdate = config.getBoolean("gerrit", "defaultForceUpdate", false);
+
+    ImmutableList.Builder<RemoteConfiguration> confs = ImmutableList.builder();
+    for (RemoteConfig c : allRemotes(config)) {
+      if (c.getURIs().isEmpty()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (!c.getFetchRefSpecs().isEmpty()) {
+        repLog.atInfo().log("Ignore '%s' endpoint: not a 'push' target", c.getName());
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // If destination for push is not set assume equal to source.
+      for (RefSpec ref : c.getPushRefSpecs()) {
+        if (ref.getDestination() == null) {
+          ref.setDestination(ref.getSource());
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (c.getPushRefSpecs().isEmpty()) {
+        c.addPushRefSpec(
+            new RefSpec()
+                .setSourceDestination("refs/*", "refs/*")
+                .setForceUpdate(defaultForceUpdate));
+      }
+
+      DestinationConfiguration destinationConfiguration = new DestinationConfiguration(c, config);
+
+      if (!destinationConfiguration.isSingleProjectMatch()) {
+        for (URIish u : c.getURIs()) {
+          if (u.getPath() == null || !u.getPath().contains("${name}")) {
+            throw new ConfigInvalidException(
+                String.format(
+                    "remote.%s.url \"%s\" lacks ${name} placeholder in %s",
+                    c.getName(), u, config));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      confs.add(destinationConfiguration);
+    }
+
+    return confs.build();
+  }
+
+  private static List<RemoteConfig> allRemotes(Config cfg) throws ConfigInvalidException {
+    Set<String> names = cfg.getSubsections("remote");
+    List<RemoteConfig> result = Lists.newArrayListWithCapacity(names.size());
+    for (String name : names) {
+      try {
+        result.add(new RemoteConfig(cfg, name));
+      } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+        throw new ConfigInvalidException(
+            String.format("remote %s has invalid URL in %s", name, cfg), e);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/CreateProjectTask.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/CreateProjectTask.java
index fa26e82..424648e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/CreateProjectTask.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/CreateProjectTask.java
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@
       return true;
     }
 
-    repLog.warn("Cannot create new project {} on remote site {}.", projectName, replicateURI);
+    repLog.atWarning().log(
+        "Cannot create new project %s on remote site %s.", projectName, replicateURI);
     return false;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DeleteProjectTask.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DeleteProjectTask.java
index 4617672..8ea7227 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DeleteProjectTask.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DeleteProjectTask.java
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
       return;
     }
 
-    repLog.warn("Cannot delete project {} on remote site {}.", project, replicateURI);
+    repLog.atWarning().log("Cannot delete project %s on remote site %s.", project, replicateURI);
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/Destination.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/Destination.java
index 7e4298b..4aa74c7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/Destination.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/Destination.java
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.server.project.ProjectCache;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.project.ProjectState;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.util.RequestContext;
+import com.google.gerrit.util.logging.NamedFluentLogger;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Injector;
 import com.google.inject.Provider;
@@ -84,10 +85,11 @@
 import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RemoteConfig;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RemoteRefUpdate;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.URIish;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
 
 public class Destination {
-  private static final Logger repLog = ReplicationQueue.repLog;
+  private static final NamedFluentLogger repLog = ReplicationQueue.repLog;
+
+  private static final String PROJECT_NOT_AVAILABLE = "source project %s not available";
 
   public interface Factory {
     Destination create(DestinationConfiguration config);
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@
           builder.add(g.getUUID());
           addRecursiveParents(g.getUUID(), builder, groupIncludeCache);
         } else {
-          repLog.warn("Group \"{}\" not recognized, removing from authGroup", name);
+          repLog.atWarning().log("Group \"%s\" not recognized, removing from authGroup", name);
         }
       }
       remoteUser = new RemoteSiteUser(new ListGroupMembership(builder.build()));
@@ -241,11 +243,9 @@
         int numInFlight = inFlight.size();
 
         if (numPending > 0 || numInFlight > 0) {
-          repLog.warn(
-              "Cancelling replication events (pending={}, inFlight={}) for destination {}",
-              numPending,
-              numInFlight,
-              getRemoteConfigName());
+          repLog.atWarning().log(
+              "Cancelling replication events (pending=%d, inFlight=%d) for destination %s",
+              numPending, numInFlight, getRemoteConfigName());
 
           foreachPushOp(
               pending,
@@ -277,9 +277,12 @@
 
   private boolean shouldReplicate(ProjectState state, CurrentUser user)
       throws PermissionBackendException {
+    String name = state.getProject().getName();
     if (!config.replicateHiddenProjects()
         && state.getProject().getState()
             == com.google.gerrit.extensions.client.ProjectState.HIDDEN) {
+      repLog.atFine().log(
+          "Project %s is hidden and replication of hidden projects is disabled", name);
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -292,6 +295,9 @@
       permissionBackend.user(user).project(state.getNameKey()).check(permissionToCheck);
       return true;
     } catch (AuthException e) {
+      repLog.atFine().log(
+          "Project %s is not visible to current user %s",
+          name, user.getUserName().orElse("unknown"));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -306,12 +312,16 @@
                 try {
                   projectState = projectCache.get(project).orElseThrow(noSuchProject(project));
                 } catch (StorageException e) {
+                  repLog.atWarning().withCause(e).log(
+                      "Error reading project %s from cache", project);
                   return false;
                 }
                 if (!projectState.statePermitsRead()) {
+                  repLog.atFine().log("Project %s does not permit read", project);
                   return false;
                 }
                 if (!shouldReplicate(projectState, userProvider.get())) {
+                  repLog.atFine().log("Project %s should not be replicated", project);
                   return false;
                 }
                 if (PushOne.ALL_REFS.equals(ref)) {
@@ -324,13 +334,16 @@
                       .ref(ref)
                       .check(RefPermission.READ);
                 } catch (AuthException e) {
+                  repLog.atFine().log(
+                      "Ref %s on project %s is not visible to calling user",
+                      ref, project, userProvider.get().getUserName().orElse("unknown"));
                   return false;
                 }
                 return true;
               })
           .call();
     } catch (NoSuchProjectException err) {
-      stateLog.error(String.format("source project %s not available", project), err, states);
+      stateLog.error(String.format(PROJECT_NOT_AVAILABLE, project), err, states);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       Throwables.throwIfUnchecked(e);
       throw new RuntimeException(e);
@@ -353,7 +366,7 @@
               })
           .call();
     } catch (NoSuchProjectException err) {
-      stateLog.error(String.format("source project %s not available", project), err, states);
+      stateLog.error(String.format(PROJECT_NOT_AVAILABLE, project), err, states);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       Throwables.throwIfUnchecked(e);
       throw new RuntimeException(e);
@@ -367,10 +380,11 @@
 
   void schedule(
       Project.NameKey project, String ref, URIish uri, ReplicationState state, boolean now) {
-    repLog.info("scheduling replication {}:{} => {}", project, ref, uri);
     if (!shouldReplicate(project, ref, state)) {
+      repLog.atFine().log("Not scheduling replication %s:%s => %s", project, ref, uri);
       return;
     }
+    repLog.atInfo().log("scheduling replication %s:%s => %s", project, ref, uri);
 
     if (!config.replicatePermissions()) {
       PushOne e;
@@ -391,7 +405,7 @@
             return;
           }
         } catch (IOException err) {
-          stateLog.error(String.format("source project %s not available", project), err, state);
+          stateLog.error(String.format(PROJECT_NOT_AVAILABLE, project), err, state);
           return;
         }
       }
@@ -412,7 +426,8 @@
         task.addState(ref, state);
       }
       state.increasePushTaskCount(project.get(), ref);
-      repLog.info("scheduled {}:{} => {} to run after {}s", project, ref, task, config.getDelay());
+      repLog.atInfo().log(
+          "scheduled %s:%s => %s to run after %ds", project, ref, task, config.getDelay());
     }
   }
 
@@ -579,7 +594,7 @@
     Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
     for (PushOne push : pending.values()) {
       if (!replicationTasksStorage.get().isWaiting(push)) {
-        repLog.debug("No longer isWaiting, can prune " + push.getURI());
+        repLog.atFine().log("No longer isWaiting, can prune %s", push.getURI());
         names.add(push.toString());
       }
     }
@@ -588,6 +603,7 @@
 
   boolean wouldPushProject(Project.NameKey project) {
     if (!shouldReplicate(project)) {
+      repLog.atFine().log("Skipping replication of project %s", project.get());
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -597,7 +613,12 @@
       return true;
     }
 
-    return (new ReplicationFilter(projects)).matches(project);
+    boolean matches = (new ReplicationFilter(projects)).matches(project);
+    if (!matches) {
+      repLog.atFine().log(
+          "Skipping replication of project %s; does not match filter", project.get());
+    }
+    return matches;
   }
 
   boolean isSingleProjectMatch() {
@@ -606,6 +627,7 @@
 
   boolean wouldPushRef(String ref) {
     if (!config.replicatePermissions() && RefNames.REFS_CONFIG.equals(ref)) {
+      repLog.atFine().log("Skipping push of ref %s; it is a meta ref", ref);
       return false;
     }
     if (PushOne.ALL_REFS.equals(ref)) {
@@ -616,6 +638,7 @@
         return true;
       }
     }
+    repLog.atFine().log("Skipping push of ref %s; it does not match push ref specs", ref);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -647,7 +670,8 @@
         } else if (remoteNameStyle.equals("basenameOnly")) {
           name = FilenameUtils.getBaseName(name);
         } else if (!remoteNameStyle.equals("slash")) {
-          repLog.debug("Unknown remoteNameStyle: {}, falling back to slash", remoteNameStyle);
+          repLog.atFine().log(
+              "Unknown remoteNameStyle: %s, falling back to slash", remoteNameStyle);
         }
         String replacedPath = replaceName(uri.getPath(), name, config.isSingleProjectMatch());
         if (replacedPath != null) {
@@ -739,7 +763,7 @@
       try {
         eventDispatcher.get().postEvent(BranchNameKey.create(project, ref), event);
       } catch (PermissionBackendException e) {
-        repLog.error("error posting event", e);
+        repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("error posting event");
       }
     }
   }
@@ -753,7 +777,7 @@
       try {
         eventDispatcher.get().postEvent(BranchNameKey.create(project, ref), event);
       } catch (PermissionBackendException e) {
-        repLog.error("error posting event", e);
+        repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("error posting event");
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DestinationsCollection.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DestinationsCollection.java
index 0eeab48..d869e83 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DestinationsCollection.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/DestinationsCollection.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMultimap;
-import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
 import com.google.common.collect.SetMultimap;
 import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
@@ -38,22 +37,16 @@
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
 import com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.Destination.Factory;
 import com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationConfig.FilterType;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RefSpec;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RemoteConfig;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.URIish;
 
 @Singleton
-public class DestinationsCollection implements ReplicationDestinations, ReplicationConfigValidator {
+public class DestinationsCollection implements ReplicationDestinations {
   private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
 
   private final Factory destinationFactory;
@@ -73,12 +66,15 @@
   public DestinationsCollection(
       Destination.Factory destinationFactory,
       Provider<ReplicationQueue> replicationQueue,
-      ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationConfig,
+      ReplicationConfig replicationConfig,
+      ConfigParser configParser,
       EventBus eventBus)
       throws ConfigInvalidException {
     this.destinationFactory = destinationFactory;
     this.replicationQueue = replicationQueue;
-    this.destinations = allDestinations(destinationFactory, validateConfig(replicationConfig));
+    this.destinations =
+        allDestinations(
+            destinationFactory, configParser.parseRemotes(replicationConfig.getConfig()));
     eventBus.register(this);
   }
 
@@ -110,7 +106,7 @@
         try {
           uri = new URIish(url);
         } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
-          repLog.warn("adminURL '{}' is invalid: {}", url, e.getMessage());
+          repLog.atWarning().log("adminURL '%s' is invalid: %s", url, e.getMessage());
           continue;
         }
 
@@ -118,13 +114,14 @@
           String path =
               replaceName(uri.getPath(), projectName.get(), config.isSingleProjectMatch());
           if (path == null) {
-            repLog.warn("adminURL {} does not contain ${name}", uri);
+            repLog.atWarning().log("adminURL %s does not contain ${name}", uri);
             continue;
           }
 
           uri = uri.setPath(path);
           if (!isSSH(uri)) {
-            repLog.warn("adminURL '{}' is invalid: only SSH and HTTP are supported", uri);
+            repLog.atWarning().log(
+                "adminURL '%s' is invalid: only SSH and HTTP are supported", uri);
             continue;
           }
         }
@@ -247,84 +244,6 @@
     }
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public List<RemoteConfiguration> validateConfig(ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationConfig)
-      throws ConfigInvalidException {
-    if (!replicationConfig.getConfig().getFile().exists()) {
-      logger.atWarning().log(
-          "Config file %s does not exist; not replicating",
-          replicationConfig.getConfig().getFile());
-      return Collections.emptyList();
-    }
-    if (replicationConfig.getConfig().getFile().length() == 0) {
-      logger.atInfo().log(
-          "Config file %s is empty; not replicating", replicationConfig.getConfig().getFile());
-      return Collections.emptyList();
-    }
-
-    try {
-      replicationConfig.getConfig().load();
-    } catch (ConfigInvalidException e) {
-      throw new ConfigInvalidException(
-          String.format(
-              "Config file %s is invalid: %s",
-              replicationConfig.getConfig().getFile(), e.getMessage()),
-          e);
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      throw new ConfigInvalidException(
-          String.format(
-              "Cannot read %s: %s", replicationConfig.getConfig().getFile(), e.getMessage()),
-          e);
-    }
-
-    boolean defaultForceUpdate =
-        replicationConfig.getConfig().getBoolean("gerrit", "defaultForceUpdate", false);
-
-    ImmutableList.Builder<RemoteConfiguration> confs = ImmutableList.builder();
-    for (RemoteConfig c : allRemotes(replicationConfig.getConfig())) {
-      if (c.getURIs().isEmpty()) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      if (!c.getFetchRefSpecs().isEmpty()) {
-        repLog.info("Ignore '{}' endpoint: not a 'push' target", c.getName());
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // If destination for push is not set assume equal to source.
-      for (RefSpec ref : c.getPushRefSpecs()) {
-        if (ref.getDestination() == null) {
-          ref.setDestination(ref.getSource());
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (c.getPushRefSpecs().isEmpty()) {
-        c.addPushRefSpec(
-            new RefSpec()
-                .setSourceDestination("refs/*", "refs/*")
-                .setForceUpdate(defaultForceUpdate));
-      }
-
-      DestinationConfiguration destinationConfiguration =
-          new DestinationConfiguration(c, replicationConfig.getConfig());
-
-      if (!destinationConfiguration.isSingleProjectMatch()) {
-        for (URIish u : c.getURIs()) {
-          if (u.getPath() == null || !u.getPath().contains("${name}")) {
-            throw new ConfigInvalidException(
-                String.format(
-                    "remote.%s.url \"%s\" lacks ${name} placeholder in %s",
-                    c.getName(), u, replicationConfig.getConfig().getFile()));
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      confs.add(destinationConfiguration);
-    }
-
-    return confs.build();
-  }
-
   private List<Destination> allDestinations(
       Destination.Factory destinationFactory, List<RemoteConfiguration> remoteConfigurations) {
 
@@ -336,18 +255,4 @@
     }
     return dest.build();
   }
-
-  private static List<RemoteConfig> allRemotes(FileBasedConfig cfg) throws ConfigInvalidException {
-    Set<String> names = cfg.getSubsections("remote");
-    List<RemoteConfig> result = Lists.newArrayListWithCapacity(names.size());
-    for (String name : names) {
-      try {
-        result.add(new RemoteConfig(cfg, name));
-      } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
-        throw new ConfigInvalidException(
-            String.format("remote %s has invalid URL in %s", name, cfg.getFile()), e);
-      }
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b24bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.Files.getNameWithoutExtension;
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
+import com.google.common.hash.Hasher;
+import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
+import com.google.gerrit.extensions.annotations.PluginData;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.FileSnapshot;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
+
+public class FanoutReplicationConfig implements ReplicationConfig {
+  private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
+
+  private final ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationConfig;
+  private final Config config;
+  private final Path remoteConfigsDirPath;
+
+  @Inject
+  public FanoutReplicationConfig(SitePaths site, @PluginData Path pluginDataDir)
+      throws IOException, ConfigInvalidException {
+
+    remoteConfigsDirPath = site.etc_dir.resolve("replication");
+    replicationConfig = new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(site, pluginDataDir);
+    config = replicationConfig.getConfig();
+    removeRemotes(config);
+
+    try (Stream<Path> files = Files.list(remoteConfigsDirPath)) {
+      files
+          .filter(Files::isRegularFile)
+          .filter(FanoutReplicationConfig::isConfig)
+          .map(FanoutReplicationConfig::loadConfig)
+          .filter(Optional::isPresent)
+          .map(Optional::get)
+          .filter(FanoutReplicationConfig::isValid)
+          .forEach(cfg -> addRemoteConfig(cfg, config));
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      throw new ConfigInvalidException(e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void removeRemotes(Config config) {
+    Set<String> remoteNames = config.getSubsections("remote");
+    if (remoteNames.size() > 0) {
+      logger.atSevere().log(
+          "When replication directory is present replication.config file cannot contain remote configuration. Ignoring: %s",
+          String.join(",", remoteNames));
+
+      for (String name : remoteNames) {
+        config.unsetSection("remote", name);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void addRemoteConfig(FileBasedConfig source, Config destination) {
+    String remoteName = getNameWithoutExtension(source.getFile().getName());
+    for (String name : source.getNames("remote")) {
+      destination.setStringList(
+          "remote",
+          remoteName,
+          name,
+          Lists.newArrayList(source.getStringList("remote", null, name)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isValid(Config cfg) {
+    if (cfg.getSections().size() != 1 || !cfg.getSections().contains("remote")) {
+      logger.atSevere().log(
+          "Remote replication configuration file %s must contain only one remote section.", cfg);
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (cfg.getSubsections("remote").size() > 0) {
+      logger.atSevere().log(
+          "Remote replication configuration file %s cannot contain remote subsections.", cfg);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private static Optional<FileBasedConfig> loadConfig(Path path) {
+    FileBasedConfig cfg = new FileBasedConfig(path.toFile(), FS.DETECTED);
+    try {
+      cfg.load();
+    } catch (IOException | ConfigInvalidException e) {
+      logger.atSevere().withCause(e).log(
+          "Cannot load remote replication configuration file %s.", path);
+      return Optional.empty();
+    }
+    return Optional.of(cfg);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isConfig(Path p) {
+    return p.toString().endsWith(".config");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isReplicateAllOnPluginStart() {
+    return replicationConfig.isReplicateAllOnPluginStart();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isDefaultForceUpdate() {
+    return replicationConfig.isDefaultForceUpdate();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getMaxRefsToLog() {
+    return replicationConfig.getMaxRefsToLog();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Path getEventsDirectory() {
+    return replicationConfig.getEventsDirectory();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSshConnectionTimeout() {
+    return replicationConfig.getSshConnectionTimeout();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSshCommandTimeout() {
+    return replicationConfig.getSshCommandTimeout();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getDistributionInterval() {
+    return replicationConfig.getDistributionInterval();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getVersion() {
+    Hasher hasher = Hashing.murmur3_128().newHasher();
+    hasher.putString(replicationConfig.getVersion(), UTF_8);
+    try (Stream<Path> files = Files.list(remoteConfigsDirPath)) {
+      files
+          .filter(Files::isRegularFile)
+          .filter(FanoutReplicationConfig::isConfig)
+          .sorted()
+          .map(Path::toFile)
+          .map(FileSnapshot::save)
+          .forEach(
+              fileSnapshot ->
+                  // hashCode is based on file size, file key and last modified time
+                  hasher.putInt(fileSnapshot.hashCode()));
+      return hasher.hash().toString();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.atSevere().withCause(e).log(
+          "Cannot list remote configuration files from %s. Returning replication.config file version",
+          remoteConfigsDirPath);
+      return replicationConfig.getVersion();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Config getConfig() {
+    return config;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/GerritRestApi.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/GerritRestApi.java
index f910a40..079087c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/GerritRestApi.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/GerritRestApi.java
@@ -62,34 +62,34 @@
 
   @Override
   public boolean createProject(Project.NameKey project, String head) {
-    repLog.info("Creating project {} on {}", project, uri);
+    repLog.atInfo().log("Creating project %s on %s", project, uri);
     String url = String.format("%s/a/projects/%s", toHttpUri(uri), Url.encode(project.get()));
     try {
       return httpClient
           .execute(new HttpPut(url), new HttpResponseHandler(), getContext())
           .isSuccessful();
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error("Couldn't perform project creation on {}", uri, e);
+      repLog.atSevere().log("Couldn't perform project creation on %s", uri, e);
       return false;
     }
   }
 
   @Override
   public boolean deleteProject(Project.NameKey project) {
-    repLog.info("Deleting project {} on {}", project, uri);
+    repLog.atInfo().log("Deleting project %s on %s", project, uri);
     String url = String.format("%s/a/projects/%s", toHttpUri(uri), Url.encode(project.get()));
     try {
       httpClient.execute(new HttpDelete(url), new HttpResponseHandler(), getContext());
       return true;
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error("Couldn't perform project deletion on {}", uri, e);
+      repLog.atSevere().log("Couldn't perform project deletion on %s", uri, e);
     }
     return false;
   }
 
   @Override
   public boolean updateHead(Project.NameKey project, String newHead) {
-    repLog.info("Updating head of {} on {}", project, uri);
+    repLog.atInfo().log("Updating head of %s on %s", project, uri);
     String url = String.format("%s/a/projects/%s/HEAD", toHttpUri(uri), Url.encode(project.get()));
     try {
       HttpPut req = new HttpPut(url);
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
       httpClient.execute(req, new HttpResponseHandler(), getContext());
       return true;
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error("Couldn't perform update head on {}", uri, e);
+      repLog.atSevere().log("Couldn't perform update head on %s", uri, e);
     }
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/LocalFS.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/LocalFS.java
index da960e6..b092363 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/LocalFS.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/LocalFS.java
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@
         u.disableRefLog();
         u.link(head);
       }
-      repLog.info("Created local repository: {}", uri);
+      repLog.atInfo().log("Created local repository: %s", uri);
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error("Error creating local repository {}", uri.getPath(), e);
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Error creating local repository %s", uri.getPath());
       return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@
   public boolean deleteProject(Project.NameKey project) {
     try {
       recursivelyDelete(new File(uri.getPath()));
-      repLog.info("Deleted local repository: {}", uri);
+      repLog.atInfo().log("Deleted local repository: %s", uri);
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error("Error deleting local repository {}:\n", uri.getPath(), e);
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Error deleting local repository %s:\n", uri.getPath());
       return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@
         u.link(newHead);
       }
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error("Failed to update HEAD of repository {} to {}", uri.getPath(), newHead, e);
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log(
+          "Failed to update HEAD of repository %s to %s", uri.getPath(), newHead);
       return false;
     }
     return true;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/MainReplicationConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/MainReplicationConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8d95ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/MainReplicationConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
+
+import com.google.inject.BindingAnnotation;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+@BindingAnnotation
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+public @interface MainReplicationConfig {}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/PushOne.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/PushOne.java
index 8208264..36f52fa 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/PushOne.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/PushOne.java
@@ -166,17 +166,16 @@
 
   @Override
   public void cancel() {
-    repLog.info("Replication [{}] to {} was canceled", HexFormat.fromInt(id), getURI());
+    repLog.atInfo().log("Replication [%s] to %s was canceled", HexFormat.fromInt(id), getURI());
     canceledByReplication();
     pool.pushWasCanceled(this);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void setCanceledWhileRunning() {
-    repLog.info(
-        "Replication [{}] to {} was canceled while being executed",
-        HexFormat.fromInt(id),
-        getURI());
+    repLog.atInfo().log(
+        "Replication [%s] to %s was canceled while being executed",
+        HexFormat.fromInt(id), getURI());
     canceledWhileRunning.set(true);
   }
 
@@ -231,10 +230,10 @@
     if (ALL_REFS.equals(ref)) {
       delta.clear();
       pushAllRefs = true;
-      repLog.trace("Added all refs for replication to {}", uri);
+      repLog.atFinest().log("Added all refs for replication to %s", uri);
     } else if (!pushAllRefs) {
       delta.add(ref);
-      repLog.trace("Added ref {} for replication to {}", ref, uri);
+      repLog.atFinest().log("Added ref %s for replication to %s", ref, uri);
     }
   }
 
@@ -319,20 +318,20 @@
     RunwayStatus status = pool.requestRunway(this);
     if (!status.isAllowed()) {
       if (status.isCanceled()) {
-        repLog.info("PushOp for replication to {} was canceled and thus won't be rescheduled", uri);
+        repLog.atInfo().log(
+            "PushOp for replication to %s was canceled and thus won't be rescheduled", uri);
       } else if (status.isExternalInflight()) {
-        repLog.info("PushOp for replication to {} was denied externally", uri);
+        repLog.atInfo().log("PushOp for replication to %s was denied externally", uri);
       } else {
-        repLog.info(
-            "Rescheduling replication to {} to avoid collision with the in-flight push [{}].",
-            uri,
-            HexFormat.fromInt(status.getInFlightPushId()));
+        repLog.atInfo().log(
+            "Rescheduling replication to %s to avoid collision with the in-flight push [%s].",
+            uri, HexFormat.fromInt(status.getInFlightPushId()));
         pool.reschedule(this, Destination.RetryReason.COLLISION);
       }
       return;
     }
 
-    repLog.info("Replication to {} started...", uri);
+    repLog.atInfo().log("Replication to %s started...", uri);
     Timer1.Context<String> destinationContext = metrics.start(config.getName());
     try {
       long startedAt = destinationContext.getStartTime();
@@ -346,12 +345,9 @@
         metrics.recordSlowProjectReplication(
             config.getName(), projectName.get(), pool.getSlowLatencyThreshold(), elapsed);
       }
-      repLog.info(
-          "Replication to {} completed in {}ms, {}ms delay, {} retries",
-          uri,
-          elapsed,
-          delay,
-          retryCount);
+      repLog.atInfo().log(
+          "Replication to %s completed in %dms, %dms delay, %d retries",
+          uri, elapsed, delay, retryCount);
     } catch (RepositoryNotFoundException e) {
       stateLog.error(
           "Cannot replicate " + projectName + "; Local repository error: " + e.getMessage(),
@@ -368,7 +364,7 @@
           || msg.contains("unavailable")) {
         createRepository();
       } else {
-        repLog.error("Cannot replicate {}; Remote repository error: {}", projectName, msg);
+        repLog.atSevere().log("Cannot replicate %s; Remote repository error: %s", projectName, msg);
       }
 
     } catch (NoRemoteRepositoryException e) {
@@ -378,12 +374,12 @@
     } catch (TransportException e) {
       Throwable cause = e.getCause();
       if (cause instanceof JSchException && cause.getMessage().startsWith("UnknownHostKey:")) {
-        repLog.error("Cannot replicate to {}: {}", uri, cause.getMessage());
+        repLog.atSevere().log("Cannot replicate to %s: %s", uri, cause.getMessage());
       } else if (e instanceof LockFailureException) {
         lockRetryCount++;
         // The LockFailureException message contains both URI and reason
         // for this failure.
-        repLog.error("Cannot replicate to {}: {}", uri, e.getMessage());
+        repLog.atSevere().log("Cannot replicate to %s: %s", uri, e.getMessage());
 
         // The remote push operation should be retried.
         if (lockRetryCount <= maxLockRetries) {
@@ -393,17 +389,15 @@
             pool.reschedule(this, Destination.RetryReason.TRANSPORT_ERROR);
           }
         } else {
-          repLog.error(
-              "Giving up after {} occurrences of this error: {} during replication to {}",
-              lockRetryCount,
-              e.getMessage(),
-              uri);
+          repLog.atSevere().log(
+              "Giving up after %d occurrences of this error: %s during replication to %s",
+              lockRetryCount, e.getMessage(), uri);
         }
       } else {
         if (canceledWhileRunning.get()) {
           logCanceledWhileRunningException(e);
         } else {
-          repLog.error("Cannot replicate to {}", uri, e);
+          repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Cannot replicate to %s", uri);
           // The remote push operation should be retried.
           pool.reschedule(this, Destination.RetryReason.TRANSPORT_ERROR);
         }
@@ -421,7 +415,7 @@
   }
 
   private void logCanceledWhileRunningException(TransportException e) {
-    repLog.info("Cannot replicate to {}. It was canceled while running", uri, e);
+    repLog.atInfo().withCause(e).log("Cannot replicate to %s. It was canceled while running", uri);
   }
 
   private void createRepository() {
@@ -429,10 +423,11 @@
       try {
         Ref head = git.exactRef(Constants.HEAD);
         if (createProject(projectName, head != null ? getName(head) : null)) {
-          repLog.warn("Missing repository created; retry replication to {}", uri);
+          repLog.atWarning().log("Missing repository created; retry replication to %s", uri);
           pool.reschedule(this, Destination.RetryReason.REPOSITORY_MISSING);
         } else {
-          repLog.warn("Missing repository could not be created when replicating {}", uri);
+          repLog.atWarning().log(
+              "Missing repository could not be created when replicating %s", uri);
         }
       } catch (IOException ioe) {
         stateLog.error(
@@ -465,8 +460,7 @@
     updateStates(res.getRemoteUpdates());
   }
 
-  private PushResult pushVia(Transport tn)
-      throws IOException, NotSupportedException, TransportException, PermissionBackendException {
+  private PushResult pushVia(Transport tn) throws IOException, PermissionBackendException {
     tn.applyConfig(config);
     tn.setCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);
 
@@ -480,10 +474,10 @@
     }
 
     if (replConfig.getMaxRefsToLog() == 0 || todo.size() <= replConfig.getMaxRefsToLog()) {
-      repLog.info("Push to {} references: {}", uri, todo);
+      repLog.atInfo().log("Push to %s references: %s", uri, todo);
     } else {
-      repLog.info(
-          "Push to {} references (first {} of {} listed): {}",
+      repLog.atInfo().log(
+          "Push to %s references (first %d of %d listed): %s",
           uri,
           replConfig.getMaxRefsToLog(),
           todo.size(),
@@ -540,13 +534,13 @@
         : replicationPushFilter.get().filter(projectName.get(), remoteUpdatesList);
   }
 
-  private List<RemoteRefUpdate> doPushAll(Transport tn, Map<String, Ref> local)
-      throws NotSupportedException, TransportException, IOException {
+  private List<RemoteRefUpdate> doPushAll(Transport tn, Map<String, Ref> local) throws IOException {
     List<RemoteRefUpdate> cmds = new ArrayList<>();
     boolean noPerms = !pool.isReplicatePermissions();
     Map<String, Ref> remote = listRemote(tn);
     for (Ref src : local.values()) {
       if (!canPushRef(src.getName(), noPerms)) {
+        repLog.atFine().log("Skipping push of ref %s", src.getName());
         continue;
       }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/RemoteSsh.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/RemoteSsh.java
index d4d979f..b8da2e4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/RemoteSsh.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/RemoteSsh.java
@@ -42,18 +42,14 @@
     OutputStream errStream = sshHelper.newErrorBufferStream();
     try {
       sshHelper.executeRemoteSsh(uri, cmd, errStream);
-      repLog.info("Created remote repository: {}", uri);
+      repLog.atInfo().log("Created remote repository: %s", uri);
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error(
-          "Error creating remote repository at {}:\n"
-              + "  Exception: {}\n"
-              + "  Command: {}\n"
-              + "  Output: {}",
-          uri,
-          e,
-          cmd,
-          errStream,
-          e);
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log(
+          "Error creating remote repository at %s:\n"
+              + "  Exception: %s\n"
+              + "  Command: %s\n"
+              + "  Output: %s",
+          uri, e, cmd, errStream);
       return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -66,18 +62,14 @@
     OutputStream errStream = sshHelper.newErrorBufferStream();
     try {
       sshHelper.executeRemoteSsh(uri, cmd, errStream);
-      repLog.info("Deleted remote repository: {}", uri);
+      repLog.atInfo().log("Deleted remote repository: %s", uri);
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error(
-          "Error deleting remote repository at {}:\n"
-              + "  Exception: {}\n"
-              + "  Command: {}\n"
-              + "  Output: {}",
-          uri,
-          e,
-          cmd,
-          errStream,
-          e);
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log(
+          "Error deleting remote repository at %s}:\n"
+              + "  Exception: %s\n"
+              + "  Command: %s\n"
+              + "  Output: %s",
+          uri, e, cmd, errStream);
       return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -92,17 +84,12 @@
     try {
       sshHelper.executeRemoteSsh(uri, cmd, errStream);
     } catch (IOException e) {
-      repLog.error(
-          "Error updating HEAD of remote repository at {} to {}:\n"
-              + "  Exception: {}\n"
-              + "  Command: {}\n"
-              + "  Output: {}",
-          uri,
-          newHead,
-          e,
-          cmd,
-          errStream,
-          e);
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log(
+          "Error updating HEAD of remote repository at %s to %s:\n"
+              + "  Exception: %s\n"
+              + "  Command: %s\n"
+              + "  Output: %s",
+          uri, newHead, e, cmd, errStream);
       return false;
     }
     return true;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfig.java
index 68fe430..99e5ee4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfig.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
 
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
 
 /** Configuration of all the replication end points. */
 public interface ReplicationConfig {
@@ -77,4 +78,6 @@
    * @return current logical version number.
    */
   String getVersion();
+
+  Config getConfig();
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfigValidator.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfigValidator.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 7883114..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationConfigValidator.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
-
-import java.util.List;
-import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
-
-public interface ReplicationConfigValidator {
-
-  /**
-   * validate the new replication.config
-   *
-   * @param newConfig new configuration detected
-   * @return List of validated {@link RemoteConfiguration}
-   * @throws ConfigInvalidException if the new configuration is not valid.
-   */
-  List<RemoteConfiguration> validateConfig(ReplicationFileBasedConfig newConfig)
-      throws ConfigInvalidException;
-}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java
index d714376..2631cbe 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfig.java
@@ -13,16 +13,19 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
 
+import static com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationQueue.repLog;
+
 import com.google.common.base.Strings;
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.annotations.PluginData;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
-import com.google.inject.Singleton;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
 
-@Singleton
 public class ReplicationFileBasedConfig implements ReplicationConfig {
   private static final int DEFAULT_SSH_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MS = 2 * 60 * 1000; // 2 minutes
 
@@ -41,6 +44,13 @@
     this.site = site;
     this.cfgPath = site.etc_dir.resolve("replication.config");
     this.config = new FileBasedConfig(cfgPath.toFile(), FS.DETECTED);
+    try {
+      config.load();
+    } catch (ConfigInvalidException e) {
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Config file %s is invalid: %s", cfgPath, e.getMessage());
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("Cannot read %s: %s", cfgPath, e.getMessage());
+    }
     this.replicateAllOnPluginStart = config.getBoolean("gerrit", "replicateOnStartup", false);
     this.defaultForceUpdate = config.getBoolean("gerrit", "defaultForceUpdate", false);
     this.maxRefsToLog = config.getInt("gerrit", "maxRefsToLog", 0);
@@ -98,7 +108,8 @@
     return cfgPath;
   }
 
-  public FileBasedConfig getConfig() {
+  @Override
+  public Config getConfig() {
     return config;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationModule.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationModule.java
index 979c8e3..ed1e348 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationModule.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationModule.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import com.google.inject.internal.UniqueAnnotations;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
@@ -41,10 +42,12 @@
 import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
 
 class ReplicationModule extends AbstractModule {
+  private final SitePaths site;
   private final Path cfgPath;
 
   @Inject
   public ReplicationModule(SitePaths site) {
+    this.site = site;
     cfgPath = site.etc_dir.resolve("replication.config");
   }
 
@@ -77,15 +80,18 @@
 
     bind(EventBus.class).in(Scopes.SINGLETON);
     bind(ReplicationDestinations.class).to(DestinationsCollection.class);
-    bind(ReplicationConfigValidator.class).to(DestinationsCollection.class);
+    bind(ConfigParser.class).in(Scopes.SINGLETON);
 
     if (getReplicationConfig().getBoolean("gerrit", "autoReload", false)) {
-      bind(ReplicationConfig.class).to(AutoReloadConfigDecorator.class);
+      bind(ReplicationConfig.class)
+          .annotatedWith(MainReplicationConfig.class)
+          .to(getReplicationConfigClass());
+      bind(ReplicationConfig.class).to(AutoReloadConfigDecorator.class).in(Scopes.SINGLETON);
       bind(LifecycleListener.class)
           .annotatedWith(UniqueAnnotations.create())
           .to(AutoReloadConfigDecorator.class);
     } else {
-      bind(ReplicationConfig.class).to(ReplicationFileBasedConfig.class);
+      bind(ReplicationConfig.class).to(getReplicationConfigClass()).in(Scopes.SINGLETON);
     }
 
     DynamicSet.setOf(binder(), ReplicationStateListener.class);
@@ -109,4 +115,11 @@
     }
     return config;
   }
+
+  private Class<? extends ReplicationConfig> getReplicationConfigClass() {
+    if (Files.exists(site.etc_dir.resolve("replication"))) {
+      return FanoutReplicationConfig.class;
+    }
+    return ReplicationFileBasedConfig.class;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationQueue.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationQueue.java
index 0dcfc95..a8ffeec 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationQueue.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationQueue.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import com.google.gerrit.extensions.registration.DynamicItem;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.events.EventDispatcher;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.git.WorkQueue;
+import com.google.gerrit.util.logging.NamedFluentLogger;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Provider;
 import com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.PushResultProcessing.GitUpdateProcessing;
@@ -39,8 +40,6 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.URIish;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /** Manages automatic replication to remote repositories. */
 public class ReplicationQueue
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@
         ProjectDeletedListener,
         HeadUpdatedListener {
   static final String REPLICATION_LOG_NAME = "replication_log";
-  static final Logger repLog = LoggerFactory.getLogger(REPLICATION_LOG_NAME);
+  static final NamedFluentLogger repLog = NamedFluentLogger.forName(REPLICATION_LOG_NAME);
 
   private final ReplicationStateListener stateLog;
 
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@
     distributor.stop();
     int discarded = destinations.get().shutdown();
     if (discarded > 0) {
-      repLog.warn("Canceled {} replication events during shutdown", discarded);
+      repLog.atWarning().log("Canceled %d replication events during shutdown", discarded);
     }
   }
 
@@ -158,6 +157,8 @@
           }
           cfg.schedule(project, refName, uri, state, now);
         }
+      } else {
+        repLog.atFine().log("Skipping ref %s on project %s", refName, project.get());
       }
     }
   }
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@
       for (ReplicationTasksStorage.ReplicateRefUpdate t : replicationTasksStorage.listWaiting()) {
         String eventKey = String.format("%s:%s", t.project, t.ref);
         if (!eventsReplayed.contains(eventKey)) {
-          repLog.info("Firing pending task {}", eventKey);
+          repLog.atInfo().log("Firing pending task %s", eventKey);
           fire(t.project, t.ref, true);
           eventsReplayed.add(eventKey);
         }
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@
       if (state == WorkQueue.Task.State.SLEEPING || state == WorkQueue.Task.State.READY) {
         if (task instanceof WorkQueue.ProjectTask) {
           if (prunableTaskNames.contains(task.toString())) {
-            repLog.debug("Pruning externally completed task:" + task);
+            repLog.atFine().log("Pruning externally completed task: %s", task);
             task.cancel(false);
           }
         }
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@
     for (ReferenceUpdatedEvent event : beforeStartupEventsQueue) {
       String eventKey = String.format("%s:%s", event.projectName(), event.refName());
       if (!eventsReplayed.contains(eventKey)) {
-        repLog.info("Firing pending task {}", event);
+        repLog.atInfo().log("Firing pending task %s", event);
         fire(event.projectName(), event.refName(), false);
         eventsReplayed.add(eventKey);
       }
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@
         firePendingEvents();
         pruneCompleted();
       } catch (Exception e) {
-        repLog.error("error distributing tasks", e);
+        repLog.atSevere().withCause(e).log("error distributing tasks");
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationStateLogger.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationStateLogger.java
index f2d55de..3e73033 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationStateLogger.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationStateLogger.java
@@ -31,19 +31,19 @@
   @Override
   public void warn(String msg, ReplicationState... states) {
     stateWriteErr("Warning: " + msg, states);
-    repLog.warn(msg);
+    repLog.atWarning().log(msg);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void error(String msg, ReplicationState... states) {
     stateWriteErr("Error: " + msg, states);
-    repLog.error(msg);
+    repLog.atSevere().log(msg);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void error(String msg, Throwable t, ReplicationState... states) {
     stateWriteErr("Error: " + msg, states);
-    repLog.error(msg, t);
+    repLog.atSevere().withCause(t).log(msg);
   }
 
   private void stateWriteErr(String msg, ReplicationState[] states) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/UpdateHeadTask.java b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/UpdateHeadTask.java
index ffa6be1..fdbd5e7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/UpdateHeadTask.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/UpdateHeadTask.java
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@
       return;
     }
 
-    repLog.warn("Cannot update HEAD of project {} on remote site {}.", project, replicateURI);
+    repLog.atWarning().log(
+        "Cannot update HEAD of project %s on remote site %s.", project, replicateURI);
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/src/main/resources/Documentation/config.md b/src/main/resources/Documentation/config.md
index 19a478d..fc3352d 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/Documentation/config.md
+++ b/src/main/resources/Documentation/config.md
@@ -200,23 +200,46 @@
 	local environment.  In that case, an alternative SSH url could
 	be specified to repository creation.
 
-	To enable replication to different Gerrit instance use `gerrit+ssh://`,
+	To enable replication to different Gerrit instance use
 	`gerrit+http://` or `gerrit+https://` as protocol name followed
 	by hostname of another Gerrit server eg.
 
-	`gerrit+ssh://replica1.my.org/`
-	<br>
 	`gerrit+http://replica2.my.org/`
 	<br>
 	`gerrit+https://replica3.my.org/`
 
-	In this case replication will use Gerrit's SSH API or Gerrit's REST API
+	In this case replication will use Gerrit's REST API
 	to create/remove projects and update repository HEAD references.
 
 	NOTE: In order to replicate project deletion, the
 	link:https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/admin/projects/plugins/delete-project delete-project[delete-project]
 	plugin must be installed on the other Gerrit.
 
+	*Backward compatibility notice*
+
+	Before Gerrit v2.13 it was possible to enable replication to different
+	Gerrit masters using `gerrit+ssh://`
+	as protocol name followed by hostname of another Gerrit server eg.
+
+	`gerrit+ssh://replica1.my.org/`
+
+	In that case replication would have used Gerrit's SSH API to
+	create/remove projects and update repository HEAD references.
+
+	The `gerrit+ssh` option is kept for backward compatibility, however
+	the use-case behind it is not valid anymore since the introduction of
+	Lucene indexes and the removal of ReviewDb, which would require
+	a lot more machinery to setup a master to master replication scenario.
+
+	The `gerrit+ssh` option is still possible but is limited to the
+	ability to replicate only regular Git repositories that do not
+	contain any code-review or NoteDb information.
+
+	Using `gerrit+ssh` for replicating all Gerrit repositories
+	would result in failures on the All-Users.git replication and
+	would not be able to replicate changes magic refs and indexes
+	across nodes.
+
 remote.NAME.receivepack
 :	Path of the `git-receive-pack` executable on the remote
 	system, if using the SSH transport.
@@ -446,6 +469,79 @@
 
 	default: 15 minutes
 
+Directory `replication`
+--------------------
+The optional directory `$site_path/etc/replication` contains Git-style
+config files that controls the replication settings for the replication
+plugin. When present all `remote` sections from `replication.config` file are
+ignored.
+
+Files are composed of one `remote` section. Multiple `remote` sections or any
+other section makes the file invalid and skipped by the replication plugin.
+File name defines remote section name. Each section provides common configuration
+settings for one or more destination URLs. For more details how to setup `remote`
+sections please refer to the `replication.config` section.
+
+### Configuration example:
+
+Static configuration in `$site_path/etc/replication.config`:
+
+```
+[gerrit]
+    autoReload = true
+    replicateOnStartup = false
+[replication]
+    lockErrorMaxRetries = 5
+    maxRetries = 5
+```
+
+Remote sections in `$site_path/etc/replication` directory:
+
+* File `$site_path/etc/replication/host-one.config`
+
+ ```
+ [remote]
+    url = gerrit2@host-one.example.com:/some/path/${name}.git
+ ```
+
+
+* File `$site_path/etc/replication/pubmirror.config`
+
+ ```
+  [remote]
+    url = mirror1.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
+    url = mirror2.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
+    url = mirror3.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
+    push = +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*
+    push = +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
+    threads = 3
+    authGroup = Public Mirror Group
+    authGroup = Second Public Mirror Group
+ ```
+
+Replication plugin resolves config files to the following configuration:
+
+```
+[gerrit]
+    autoReload = true
+    replicateOnStartup = false
+[replication]
+    lockErrorMaxRetries = 5
+    maxRetries = 5
+
+[remote "host-one"]
+    url = gerrit2@host-one.example.com:/some/path/${name}.git
+
+[remote "pubmirror"]
+    url = mirror1.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
+    url = mirror2.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
+    url = mirror3.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
+    push = +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*
+    push = +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
+    threads = 3
+    authGroup = Public Mirror Group
+    authGroup = Second Public Mirror Group
+```
 
 File `secure.config`
 --------------------
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AbstractConfigTest.java b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AbstractConfigTest.java
index 3932fb3..c48bdbd 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AbstractConfigTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AbstractConfigTest.java
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
   protected WorkQueue workQueueMock;
   protected EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();
   protected FakeExecutorService executorService = new FakeExecutorService();
+  protected ConfigParser configParser;
 
   static class FakeDestination extends Destination {
     public final DestinationConfiguration config;
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@
     sitePaths = new SitePaths(sitePath);
     pluginDataPath = createTempPath("data");
     destinationFactoryMock = mock(Destination.Factory.class);
+    configParser = new ConfigParser();
   }
 
   @Before
@@ -96,8 +98,12 @@
   }
 
   protected FileBasedConfig newReplicationConfig() {
+    return newReplicationConfig("replication.config");
+  }
+
+  protected FileBasedConfig newReplicationConfig(String path) {
     FileBasedConfig replicationConfig =
-        new FileBasedConfig(sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication.config").toFile(), FS.DETECTED);
+        new FileBasedConfig(sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve(path).toFile(), FS.DETECTED);
     return replicationConfig;
   }
 
@@ -122,12 +128,17 @@
     assertThatIsDestination(matchingDestinations.get(0), remoteName, remoteUrls);
   }
 
-  protected DestinationsCollection newDestinationsCollections(
-      ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationFileBasedConfig) throws ConfigInvalidException {
+  protected DestinationsCollection newDestinationsCollections(ReplicationConfig replicationConfig)
+      throws ConfigInvalidException {
     return new DestinationsCollection(
         destinationFactoryMock,
         Providers.of(replicationQueueMock),
-        replicationFileBasedConfig,
+        replicationConfig,
+        configParser,
         eventBus);
   }
+
+  protected ReplicationConfig newReplicationFileBasedConfig() {
+    return new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecoratorTest.java b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecoratorTest.java
index d85f622..b1b9453 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecoratorTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadConfigDecoratorTest.java
@@ -16,44 +16,38 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
+import com.google.inject.Provider;
 import com.google.inject.util.Providers;
 import com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationConfig.FilterType;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
-import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class AutoReloadConfigDecoratorTest extends AbstractConfigTest {
-  ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationFileBasedConfig;
+  ReplicationConfig replicationConfig;
 
   public AutoReloadConfigDecoratorTest() throws IOException {
     super();
   }
 
-  @Override
-  @Before
-  public void setup() {
-    super.setup();
-
-    replicationFileBasedConfig = newReplicationFileBasedConfig();
-  }
-
   @Test
   public void shouldAutoReloadReplicationConfig() throws Exception {
-    FileBasedConfig replicationConfig = newReplicationConfig();
-    replicationConfig.setBoolean("gerrit", null, "autoReload", true);
+    FileBasedConfig fileConfig = newReplicationConfig();
+    fileConfig.setBoolean("gerrit", null, "autoReload", true);
     String remoteName1 = "foo";
     String remoteUrl1 = "ssh://git@git.foo.com/${name}";
-    replicationConfig.setString("remote", remoteName1, "url", remoteUrl1);
-    replicationConfig.save();
+    fileConfig.setString("remote", remoteName1, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    fileConfig.save();
 
-    newAutoReloadConfig().start();
+    replicationConfig = newReplicationFileBasedConfig();
 
-    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
-        newDestinationsCollections(replicationFileBasedConfig);
+    newAutoReloadConfig(() -> newReplicationFileBasedConfig()).start();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections = newDestinationsCollections(replicationConfig);
     destinationsCollections.startup(workQueueMock);
     List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
     assertThat(destinations).hasSize(1);
@@ -63,8 +57,8 @@
 
     String remoteName2 = "bar";
     String remoteUrl2 = "ssh://git@git.bar.com/${name}";
-    replicationConfig.setString("remote", remoteName2, "url", remoteUrl2);
-    replicationConfig.save();
+    fileConfig.setString("remote", remoteName2, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    fileConfig.save();
     executorService.refreshCommand.run();
 
     destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
@@ -74,16 +68,151 @@
   }
 
   @Test
+  public void shouldAutoReloadFanoutReplicationConfigWhenConfigIsAdded() throws Exception {
+    String remoteName1 = "foo";
+    String remoteUrl1 = "ssh://git@git.foo.com/${name}";
+    FileBasedConfig remoteConfig = newReplicationConfig("replication/" + remoteName1 + ".config");
+    remoteConfig.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    remoteConfig.save();
+
+    replicationConfig = new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    newAutoReloadConfig(
+            () -> {
+              try {
+                return new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+              } catch (IOException | ConfigInvalidException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+              }
+            })
+        .start();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections = newDestinationsCollections(replicationConfig);
+    destinationsCollections.startup(workQueueMock);
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+
+    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); // Allow the filesystem to change the update TS
+
+    String remoteName2 = "foobar";
+    String remoteUrl2 = "ssh://git@git.foobar.com/${name}";
+    remoteConfig = newReplicationConfig("replication/" + remoteName2 + ".config");
+    remoteConfig.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    remoteConfig.save();
+    executorService.refreshCommand.run();
+
+    destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(2);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName2, remoteUrl2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAutoReloadFanoutReplicationConfigWhenConfigIsRemoved() throws Exception {
+    String remoteName1 = "foo";
+    String remoteUrl1 = "ssh://git@git.foo.com/${name}";
+    FileBasedConfig remoteConfig = newReplicationConfig("replication/" + remoteName1 + ".config");
+    remoteConfig.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    remoteConfig.save();
+
+    String remoteName2 = "foobar";
+    String remoteUrl2 = "ssh://git@git.foobar.com/${name}";
+    remoteConfig = newReplicationConfig("replication/" + remoteName2 + ".config");
+    remoteConfig.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    remoteConfig.save();
+
+    replicationConfig = new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    newAutoReloadConfig(
+            () -> {
+              try {
+                return new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+              } catch (IOException | ConfigInvalidException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+              }
+            })
+        .start();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections = newDestinationsCollections(replicationConfig);
+    destinationsCollections.startup(workQueueMock);
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(2);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName2, remoteUrl2);
+
+    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); // Allow the filesystem to change the update TS
+
+    assertThat(
+            sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication/" + remoteName2 + ".config").toFile().delete())
+        .isTrue();
+
+    executorService.refreshCommand.run();
+
+    destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAutoReloadFanoutReplicationConfigWhenConfigIsModified() throws Exception {
+    String remoteName1 = "foo";
+    String remoteUrl1 = "ssh://git@git.foo.com/${name}";
+    FileBasedConfig remoteConfig = newReplicationConfig("replication/" + remoteName1 + ".config");
+    remoteConfig.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    remoteConfig.save();
+
+    String remoteName2 = "bar";
+    String remoteUrl2 = "ssh://git@git.bar.com/${name}";
+    remoteConfig = newReplicationConfig("replication/" + remoteName2 + ".config");
+    remoteConfig.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    remoteConfig.save();
+
+    replicationConfig = new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    newAutoReloadConfig(
+            () -> {
+              try {
+                return new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+              } catch (IOException | ConfigInvalidException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+              }
+            })
+        .start();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections = newDestinationsCollections(replicationConfig);
+    destinationsCollections.startup(workQueueMock);
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(2);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName2, remoteUrl2);
+
+    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); // Allow the filesystem to change the update TS
+
+    String remoteUrl3 = "ssh://git@git.foobar.com/${name}";
+    remoteConfig.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl3);
+    remoteConfig.save();
+
+    executorService.refreshCommand.run();
+
+    destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(2);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName2, remoteUrl3);
+  }
+
+  @Test
   public void shouldNotAutoReloadReplicationConfigIfDisabled() throws Exception {
     String remoteName1 = "foo";
     String remoteUrl1 = "ssh://git@git.foo.com/${name}";
-    FileBasedConfig replicationConfig = newReplicationConfig();
-    replicationConfig.setBoolean("gerrit", null, "autoReload", false);
-    replicationConfig.setString("remote", remoteName1, "url", remoteUrl1);
-    replicationConfig.save();
+    FileBasedConfig fileConfig = newReplicationConfig();
+    fileConfig.setBoolean("gerrit", null, "autoReload", false);
+    fileConfig.setString("remote", remoteName1, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    fileConfig.save();
 
-    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
-        newDestinationsCollections(replicationFileBasedConfig);
+    replicationConfig = newReplicationFileBasedConfig();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections = newDestinationsCollections(replicationConfig);
     destinationsCollections.startup(workQueueMock);
     List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
     assertThat(destinations).hasSize(1);
@@ -91,27 +220,32 @@
 
     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); // Allow the filesystem to change the update TS
 
-    replicationConfig.setString("remote", "bar", "url", "ssh://git@git.bar.com/${name}");
-    replicationConfig.save();
+    fileConfig.setString("remote", "bar", "url", "ssh://git@git.bar.com/${name}");
+    fileConfig.save();
     executorService.refreshCommand.run();
 
     assertThat(destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL)).isEqualTo(destinations);
   }
 
-  private AutoReloadConfigDecorator newAutoReloadConfig() throws ConfigInvalidException {
+  private AutoReloadConfigDecorator newAutoReloadConfig(
+      Supplier<ReplicationConfig> configSupplier) {
     AutoReloadRunnable autoReloadRunnable =
         new AutoReloadRunnable(
-            newDestinationsCollections(replicationFileBasedConfig),
-            replicationFileBasedConfig,
-            sitePaths,
-            pluginDataPath,
+            configParser,
+            new Provider<ReplicationConfig>() {
+
+              @Override
+              public ReplicationConfig get() {
+                return configSupplier.get();
+              }
+            },
             eventBus,
             Providers.of(replicationQueueMock));
     return new AutoReloadConfigDecorator(
-        "replication", workQueueMock, replicationFileBasedConfig, autoReloadRunnable, eventBus);
-  }
-
-  private ReplicationFileBasedConfig newReplicationFileBasedConfig() {
-    return new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+        "replication",
+        workQueueMock,
+        newReplicationFileBasedConfig(),
+        autoReloadRunnable,
+        eventBus);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnableTest.java b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnableTest.java
index b1aa7c8..93e8886 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnableTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/AutoReloadRunnableTest.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
 import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
+import com.google.inject.Provider;
 import com.google.inject.util.Providers;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
@@ -54,41 +56,41 @@
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void configurationIsReloadedWhenValidationSucceeds() {
-    ReplicationConfigValidator validator = new TestValidConfigurationListener();
+  public void configurationIsReloadedWhenParsingSucceeds() {
+    ConfigParser parser = new TestValidConfigurationListener();
 
-    attemptAutoReload(validator);
+    attemptAutoReload(parser);
 
     assertThat(onReloadSubscriber.reloaded).isTrue();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void configurationIsNotReloadedWhenValidationFails() {
-    ReplicationConfigValidator validator = new TestInvalidConfigurationListener();
+  public void configurationIsNotReloadedWhenParsingFails() {
+    ConfigParser parser = new TestInvalidConfigurationListener();
 
-    attemptAutoReload(validator);
+    attemptAutoReload(parser);
 
     assertThat(onReloadSubscriber.reloaded).isFalse();
   }
 
-  private void attemptAutoReload(ReplicationConfigValidator validator) {
+  private void attemptAutoReload(ConfigParser validator) {
     final AutoReloadRunnable autoReloadRunnable =
         new AutoReloadRunnable(
-            validator,
-            newVersionConfig(),
-            sitePaths,
-            sitePaths.data_dir,
-            eventBus,
-            Providers.of(replicationQueueMock));
+            validator, newVersionConfigProvider(), eventBus, Providers.of(replicationQueueMock));
 
     autoReloadRunnable.run();
   }
 
-  private ReplicationFileBasedConfig newVersionConfig() {
-    return new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(sitePaths, sitePaths.data_dir) {
+  private Provider<ReplicationConfig> newVersionConfigProvider() {
+    return new Provider<ReplicationConfig>() {
       @Override
-      public String getVersion() {
-        return String.format("%s", System.nanoTime());
+      public ReplicationConfig get() {
+        return new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(sitePaths, sitePaths.data_dir) {
+          @Override
+          public String getVersion() {
+            return String.format("%s", System.nanoTime());
+          }
+        };
       }
     };
   }
@@ -103,17 +105,17 @@
     }
   }
 
-  private static class TestValidConfigurationListener implements ReplicationConfigValidator {
+  private static class TestValidConfigurationListener extends ConfigParser {
     @Override
-    public List<RemoteConfiguration> validateConfig(ReplicationFileBasedConfig newConfig) {
+    public List<RemoteConfiguration> parseRemotes(Config newConfig) {
       return Collections.emptyList();
     }
   }
 
-  private static class TestInvalidConfigurationListener implements ReplicationConfigValidator {
+  private static class TestInvalidConfigurationListener extends ConfigParser {
     @Override
-    public List<RemoteConfiguration> validateConfig(
-        ReplicationFileBasedConfig configurationChangeEvent) throws ConfigInvalidException {
+    public List<RemoteConfiguration> parseRemotes(Config configurationChangeEvent)
+        throws ConfigInvalidException {
       throw new ConfigInvalidException("expected test failure");
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfigTest.java b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfigTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cba4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/FanoutReplicationConfigTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.RecursiveDeleteOption.ALLOW_INSECURE;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import com.google.common.io.MoreFiles;
+import com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationConfig.FilterType;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.ConfigInvalidException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class FanoutReplicationConfigTest extends AbstractConfigTest {
+
+  public FanoutReplicationConfigTest() throws IOException {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  String remoteName1 = "foo";
+  String remoteUrl1 = "ssh://git@git.somewhere.com/${name}";
+  String remoteName2 = "bar";
+  String remoteUrl2 = "ssh://git@git.elsewhere.com/${name}";
+
+  @Before
+  public void setupTests() {
+    FileBasedConfig config = newReplicationConfig();
+    try {
+      config.save();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldSkipRemoteConfigFromReplicationConfig() throws Exception {
+    String remoteName = "foo";
+    String remoteUrl = "ssh://git@git.somewhere.com/${name}";
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newReplicationConfig();
+    config.setString("remote", remoteName, "url", remoteUrl);
+    config.save();
+
+    config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName2);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
+        newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(1);
+
+    assertThatIsDestination(destinations.get(0), remoteName2, remoteUrl2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldLoadDestinationsFromMultipleFiles() throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName2);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
+        newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(2);
+
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName2, remoteUrl2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldIgnoreDestinationsFromSubdirectories() throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    config = newRemoteConfig("subdirectory/" + remoteName2);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
+        newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(1);
+
+    assertThatIsDestination(destinations.get(0), remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldIgnoreNonConfigFiles() throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    config =
+        new FileBasedConfig(
+            sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication/" + remoteName2 + ".yaml").toFile(),
+            FS.DETECTED);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
+        newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(1);
+
+    assertThatIsDestination(destinations.get(0), remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = ConfigInvalidException.class)
+  public void shouldThrowConfigInvalidExceptionWhenUrlIsMissingName() throws Exception {
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", "ssh://git@git.elsewhere.com/name");
+    config.save();
+
+    newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldIgnoreEmptyConfigFile() throws Exception {
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.save();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
+        newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldIgnoreConfigWhenMoreThanOneRemoteInASingleFile() throws Exception {
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.setString("remote", remoteName2, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
+        newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldIgnoreConfigRemoteSection() throws Exception {
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("replication", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    DestinationsCollection destinationsCollections =
+        newDestinationsCollections(new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath));
+    List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
+    assertThat(destinations).hasSize(0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldReturnSameVersionWhenNoChanges() throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName2);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    FanoutReplicationConfig objectUnderTest =
+        new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    String version = objectUnderTest.getVersion();
+
+    objectUnderTest = new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    assertThat(objectUnderTest.getVersion()).isEqualTo(version);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldReturnNewVersionWhenConfigFileAdded() throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    FanoutReplicationConfig objectUnderTest =
+        new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    String version = objectUnderTest.getVersion();
+
+    config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName2);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    assertThat(objectUnderTest.getVersion()).isNotEqualTo(version);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldReturnNewVersionWhenConfigFileIsModified() throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    FanoutReplicationConfig objectUnderTest =
+        new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    String version = objectUnderTest.getVersion();
+
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    assertThat(objectUnderTest.getVersion()).isNotEqualTo(version);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldReturnNewVersionWhenConfigFileRemoved() throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName2);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    FanoutReplicationConfig objectUnderTest =
+        new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    String version = objectUnderTest.getVersion();
+    assertThat(
+            sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication/" + remoteName2 + ".config").toFile().delete())
+        .isTrue();
+
+    assertThat(objectUnderTest.getVersion()).isNotEqualTo(version);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldReturnReplicationConfigVersionWhenReplicationConfigDirectoryRemoved()
+      throws Exception {
+
+    FileBasedConfig config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName1);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl1);
+    config.save();
+
+    config = newRemoteConfig(remoteName2);
+    config.setString("remote", null, "url", remoteUrl2);
+    config.save();
+
+    FanoutReplicationConfig objectUnderTest =
+        new FanoutReplicationConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
+
+    String replicationConfigVersion =
+        new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath).getVersion();
+
+    MoreFiles.deleteRecursively(sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication"), ALLOW_INSECURE);
+
+    assertThat(objectUnderTest.getVersion()).isEqualTo(replicationConfigVersion);
+  }
+
+  protected FileBasedConfig newRemoteConfig(String configFileName) {
+    return new FileBasedConfig(
+        sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication/" + configFileName + ".config").toFile(),
+        FS.DETECTED);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFanoutIT.java b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFanoutIT.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adb7fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFanoutIT.java
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
+
+import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
+import com.google.common.io.MoreFiles;
+import com.google.common.io.RecursiveDeleteOption;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.LightweightPluginDaemonTest;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.PushOneCommit.Result;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.TestPlugin;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.UseLocalDisk;
+import com.google.gerrit.acceptance.testsuite.project.ProjectOperations;
+import com.google.gerrit.entities.Project;
+import com.google.gerrit.extensions.annotations.PluginData;
+import com.google.gerrit.extensions.api.projects.BranchInput;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.inject.Key;
+import com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationTasksStorage.ReplicateRefUpdate;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Ref;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Repository;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommit;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+@UseLocalDisk
+@TestPlugin(
+    name = "replication",
+    sysModule = "com.googlesource.gerrit.plugins.replication.ReplicationModule")
+public class ReplicationFanoutIT extends LightweightPluginDaemonTest {
+  private static final Optional<String> ALL_PROJECTS = Optional.empty();
+  private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
+  private static final int TEST_REPLICATION_DELAY = 1;
+  private static final Duration TEST_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(TEST_REPLICATION_DELAY * 2);
+
+  @Inject private SitePaths sitePaths;
+  @Inject private ProjectOperations projectOperations;
+  private Path pluginDataDir;
+  private Path gitPath;
+  private Path storagePath;
+  private FileBasedConfig config;
+  private ReplicationTasksStorage tasksStorage;
+
+  @Override
+  public void setUpTestPlugin() throws Exception {
+    gitPath = sitePaths.site_path.resolve("git");
+
+    config =
+        new FileBasedConfig(sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication.config").toFile(), FS.DETECTED);
+    setAutoReload();
+    config.save();
+
+    setReplicationDestination("remote1", "suffix1", Optional.of("not-used-project"));
+
+    super.setUpTestPlugin();
+
+    pluginDataDir = plugin.getSysInjector().getInstance(Key.get(Path.class, PluginData.class));
+    storagePath = pluginDataDir.resolve("ref-updates");
+    tasksStorage = plugin.getSysInjector().getInstance(ReplicationTasksStorage.class);
+    cleanupReplicationTasks();
+    tasksStorage.disableDeleteForTesting(true);
+  }
+
+  @After
+  public void cleanUp() throws IOException {
+    if (Files.exists(sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication"))) {
+      MoreFiles.deleteRecursively(
+          sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication"), RecursiveDeleteOption.ALLOW_INSECURE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldReplicateNewBranch() throws Exception {
+    setReplicationDestination("foo", "replica", ALL_PROJECTS);
+    reloadConfig();
+
+    Project.NameKey targetProject = createTestProject(project + "replica");
+    String newBranch = "refs/heads/mybranch";
+    String master = "refs/heads/master";
+    BranchInput input = new BranchInput();
+    input.revision = master;
+    gApi.projects().name(project.get()).branch(newBranch).create(input);
+
+    assertThat(listReplicationTasks("refs/heads/(mybranch|master)")).hasSize(2);
+
+    try (Repository repo = repoManager.openRepository(targetProject);
+        Repository sourceRepo = repoManager.openRepository(project)) {
+      waitUntil(() -> checkedGetRef(repo, newBranch) != null);
+
+      Ref masterRef = getRef(sourceRepo, master);
+      Ref targetBranchRef = getRef(repo, newBranch);
+      assertThat(targetBranchRef).isNotNull();
+      assertThat(targetBranchRef.getObjectId()).isEqualTo(masterRef.getObjectId());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldReplicateNewBranchToTwoRemotes() throws Exception {
+    Project.NameKey targetProject1 = createTestProject(project + "replica1");
+    Project.NameKey targetProject2 = createTestProject(project + "replica2");
+
+    setReplicationDestination("foo1", "replica1", ALL_PROJECTS);
+    setReplicationDestination("foo2", "replica2", ALL_PROJECTS);
+    reloadConfig();
+
+    Result pushResult = createChange();
+    RevCommit sourceCommit = pushResult.getCommit();
+    String sourceRef = pushResult.getPatchSet().refName();
+
+    assertThat(listReplicationTasks("refs/changes/\\d*/\\d*/\\d*")).hasSize(2);
+
+    try (Repository repo1 = repoManager.openRepository(targetProject1);
+        Repository repo2 = repoManager.openRepository(targetProject2)) {
+      waitUntil(
+          () ->
+              (checkedGetRef(repo1, sourceRef) != null && checkedGetRef(repo2, sourceRef) != null));
+
+      Ref targetBranchRef1 = getRef(repo1, sourceRef);
+      assertThat(targetBranchRef1).isNotNull();
+      assertThat(targetBranchRef1.getObjectId()).isEqualTo(sourceCommit.getId());
+
+      Ref targetBranchRef2 = getRef(repo2, sourceRef);
+      assertThat(targetBranchRef2).isNotNull();
+      assertThat(targetBranchRef2.getObjectId()).isEqualTo(sourceCommit.getId());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldCreateIndividualReplicationTasksForEveryRemoteUrlPair() throws Exception {
+    List<String> replicaSuffixes = Arrays.asList("replica1", "replica2");
+    createTestProject(project + "replica1");
+    createTestProject(project + "replica2");
+
+    setReplicationDestination("foo1", replicaSuffixes, ALL_PROJECTS);
+    setReplicationDestination("foo2", replicaSuffixes, ALL_PROJECTS);
+    config.setInt("remote", "foo1", "replicationDelay", TEST_REPLICATION_DELAY * 100);
+    config.setInt("remote", "foo2", "replicationDelay", TEST_REPLICATION_DELAY * 100);
+    reloadConfig();
+
+    createChange();
+
+    assertThat(listReplicationTasks("refs/changes/\\d*/\\d*/\\d*")).hasSize(4);
+
+    setReplicationDestination("foo1", replicaSuffixes, ALL_PROJECTS);
+    setReplicationDestination("foo2", replicaSuffixes, ALL_PROJECTS);
+  }
+
+  private Ref getRef(Repository repo, String branchName) throws IOException {
+    return repo.getRefDatabase().exactRef(branchName);
+  }
+
+  private Ref checkedGetRef(Repository repo, String branchName) {
+    try {
+      return repo.getRefDatabase().exactRef(branchName);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      logger.atSevere().withCause(e).log("failed to get ref %s in repo %s", branchName, repo);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void setReplicationDestination(
+      String remoteName, String replicaSuffix, Optional<String> project) throws IOException {
+    setReplicationDestination(remoteName, Arrays.asList(replicaSuffix), project);
+  }
+
+  private void setReplicationDestination(
+      String remoteName, List<String> replicaSuffixes, Optional<String> allProjects)
+      throws IOException {
+    FileBasedConfig remoteConfig =
+        new FileBasedConfig(
+            sitePaths.etc_dir.resolve("replication/" + remoteName + ".config").toFile(),
+            FS.DETECTED);
+
+    setReplicationDestination(remoteConfig, replicaSuffixes, allProjects);
+  }
+
+  private void setAutoReload() throws IOException {
+    config.setBoolean("gerrit", null, "autoReload", true);
+    config.save();
+  }
+
+  private void setReplicationDestination(
+      FileBasedConfig config, List<String> replicaSuffixes, Optional<String> project)
+      throws IOException {
+
+    List<String> replicaUrls =
+        replicaSuffixes.stream()
+            .map(suffix -> gitPath.resolve("${name}" + suffix + ".git").toString())
+            .collect(toList());
+    config.setStringList("remote", null, "url", replicaUrls);
+    config.setInt("remote", null, "replicationDelay", TEST_REPLICATION_DELAY);
+    project.ifPresent(prj -> config.setString("remote", null, "projects", prj));
+
+    config.save();
+  }
+
+  private void waitUntil(Supplier<Boolean> waitCondition) throws InterruptedException {
+    WaitUtil.waitUntil(waitCondition, TEST_TIMEOUT);
+  }
+
+  private void reloadConfig() {
+    getAutoReloadConfigDecoratorInstance().reload();
+  }
+
+  private AutoReloadConfigDecorator getAutoReloadConfigDecoratorInstance() {
+    return getInstance(AutoReloadConfigDecorator.class);
+  }
+
+  private <T> T getInstance(Class<T> classObj) {
+    return plugin.getSysInjector().getInstance(classObj);
+  }
+
+  private Project.NameKey createTestProject(String name) throws Exception {
+    return projectOperations.newProject().name(name).create();
+  }
+
+  private List<ReplicateRefUpdate> listReplicationTasks(String refRegex) {
+    Pattern refmaskPattern = Pattern.compile(refRegex);
+    return tasksStorage.list().stream()
+        .filter(task -> refmaskPattern.matcher(task.ref).matches())
+        .collect(toList());
+  }
+
+  public void cleanupReplicationTasks() throws IOException {
+    cleanupReplicationTasks(storagePath);
+  }
+
+  private void cleanupReplicationTasks(Path basePath) throws IOException {
+    try (DirectoryStream<Path> files = Files.newDirectoryStream(basePath)) {
+      for (Path path : files) {
+        if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
+          cleanupReplicationTasks(path);
+        } else {
+          path.toFile().delete();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfigTest.java b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfigTest.java
index 50ae385..79b05cc 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfigTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/googlesource/gerrit/plugins/replication/ReplicationFileBasedConfigTest.java
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
     List<Destination> destinations = destinationsCollections.getAll(FilterType.ALL);
     assertThat(destinations).hasSize(2);
 
-    assertThatIsDestination(destinations.get(0), remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
-    assertThatIsDestination(destinations.get(1), remoteName2, remoteUrl2);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName1, remoteUrl1);
+    assertThatContainsDestination(destinations, remoteName2, remoteUrl2);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -86,10 +86,4 @@
 
     assertThatIsDestination(destinations.get(0), pushRemote, aRemoteURL);
   }
-
-  private ReplicationFileBasedConfig newReplicationFileBasedConfig() {
-    ReplicationFileBasedConfig replicationConfig =
-        new ReplicationFileBasedConfig(sitePaths, pluginDataPath);
-    return replicationConfig;
-  }
 }