diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/.settings/.api_filters b/org.eclipse.jgit/.settings/.api_filters
index fbdf69f..d6944f9 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/.settings/.api_filters
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/.settings/.api_filters
@@ -38,4 +38,12 @@
             </message_arguments>
         </filter>
     </resource>
+    <resource path="src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FS.java" type="org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS">
+        <filter id="1142947843">
+            <message_arguments>
+                <message_argument value="4.5.6"/>
+                <message_argument value="fileAttributes(File)"/>
+            </message_arguments>
+        </filter>
+    </resource>
 </component>
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/FileSnapshot.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/FileSnapshot.java
index 10adc6c..f26eba3 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/FileSnapshot.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/FileSnapshot.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
 import java.text.DateFormat;
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
 import java.util.Date;
@@ -70,13 +71,20 @@
  */
 public class FileSnapshot {
 	/**
+	 * An unknown file size.
+	 *
+	 * This value is used when a comparison needs to happen purely on the lastUpdate.
+	 */
+	public static final long UNKNOWN_SIZE = -1;
+
+	/**
 	 * A FileSnapshot that is considered to always be modified.
 	 * <p>
 	 * This instance is useful for application code that wants to lazily read a
 	 * file, but only after {@link #isModified(File)} gets invoked. The returned
 	 * snapshot contains only invalid status information.
 	 */
-	public static final FileSnapshot DIRTY = new FileSnapshot(-1, -1);
+	public static final FileSnapshot DIRTY = new FileSnapshot(-1, -1, UNKNOWN_SIZE);
 
 	/**
 	 * A FileSnapshot that is clean if the file does not exist.
@@ -85,7 +93,7 @@
 	 * file to be clean. {@link #isModified(File)} will return false if the file
 	 * path does not exist.
 	 */
-	public static final FileSnapshot MISSING_FILE = new FileSnapshot(0, 0) {
+	public static final FileSnapshot MISSING_FILE = new FileSnapshot(0, 0, 0) {
 		@Override
 		public boolean isModified(File path) {
 			return FS.DETECTED.exists(path);
@@ -105,12 +113,16 @@
 	public static FileSnapshot save(File path) {
 		long read = System.currentTimeMillis();
 		long modified;
+		long size;
 		try {
-			modified = FS.DETECTED.lastModified(path);
+			BasicFileAttributes fileAttributes = FS.DETECTED.fileAttributes(path);
+			modified = fileAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis();
+			size = fileAttributes.size();
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			modified = path.lastModified();
+			size = path.length();
 		}
-		return new FileSnapshot(read, modified);
+		return new FileSnapshot(read, modified, size);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -125,7 +137,7 @@
 	 */
 	public static FileSnapshot save(long modified) {
 		final long read = System.currentTimeMillis();
-		return new FileSnapshot(read, modified);
+		return new FileSnapshot(read, modified, -1);
 	}
 
 	/** Last observed modification time of the path. */
@@ -137,10 +149,16 @@
 	/** True once {@link #lastRead} is far later than {@link #lastModified}. */
 	private boolean cannotBeRacilyClean;
 
-	private FileSnapshot(long read, long modified) {
+	/** Underlying file-system size in bytes.
+	 *
+	 * When set to {@link #UNKNOWN_SIZE} the size is not considered for modification checks. */
+	private final long size;
+
+	private FileSnapshot(long read, long modified, long size) {
 		this.lastRead = read;
 		this.lastModified = modified;
 		this.cannotBeRacilyClean = notRacyClean(read);
+		this.size = size;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -153,6 +171,13 @@
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * @return file size in bytes of last snapshot update
+	 */
+	public long size() {
+		return size;
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Check if the path may have been modified since the snapshot was saved.
 	 *
 	 * @param path
@@ -161,12 +186,16 @@
 	 */
 	public boolean isModified(File path) {
 		long currLastModified;
+		long currSize;
 		try {
-			currLastModified = FS.DETECTED.lastModified(path);
+			BasicFileAttributes fileAttributes = FS.DETECTED.fileAttributes(path);
+			currLastModified = fileAttributes.lastModifiedTime().toMillis();
+			currSize = fileAttributes.size();
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			currLastModified = path.lastModified();
+			currSize = path.length();
 		}
-		return isModified(currLastModified);
+		return (currSize != UNKNOWN_SIZE && currSize != size) || isModified(currLastModified);
 	}
 
 	/**
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/ObjectDirectory.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/ObjectDirectory.java
index 5dbe5cd..df67d79 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/ObjectDirectory.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/ObjectDirectory.java
@@ -915,13 +915,13 @@
 			}
 
 			final String packName = base + PACK.getExtension();
+			final File packFile = new File(packDirectory, packName);
 			final PackFile oldPack = forReuse.remove(packName);
-			if (oldPack != null) {
+			if (oldPack != null && oldPack.getFileSnapshot().isModified(packFile)) {
 				list.add(oldPack);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			final File packFile = new File(packDirectory, packName);
 			list.add(new PackFile(packFile, extensions));
 			foundNew = true;
 		}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/PackFile.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/PackFile.java
index 7549274..ee3c0a8 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/PackFile.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/PackFile.java
@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@
 
 	int packLastModified;
 
+	private FileSnapshot fileSnapshot;
+
 	private volatile boolean invalid;
 
 	private boolean invalidBitmap;
@@ -164,7 +166,8 @@
 	 */
 	public PackFile(File packFile, int extensions) {
 		this.packFile = packFile;
-		this.packLastModified = (int) (packFile.lastModified() >> 10);
+		this.fileSnapshot = FileSnapshot.save(packFile);
+		this.packLastModified = (int) (fileSnapshot.lastModified() >> 10);
 		this.extensions = extensions;
 
 		// Multiply by 31 here so we can more directly combine with another
@@ -359,6 +362,16 @@
 		return getReverseIdx().findObject(offset);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Return the @{@link FileSnapshot} associated to the underlying packfile
+	 * that has been used when the object was created.
+	 *
+	 * @return the packfile @{@link FileSnapshot} that the object is loaded from.
+	 */
+	FileSnapshot getFileSnapshot() {
+		return fileSnapshot;
+	}
+
 	private final byte[] decompress(final long position, final int sz,
 			final WindowCursor curs) throws IOException, DataFormatException {
 		byte[] dstbuf;
@@ -647,9 +660,10 @@
 	}
 
 	private void doOpen() throws IOException {
+		if (invalid) {
+			throw new PackInvalidException(packFile);
+		}
 		try {
-			if (invalid)
-				throw new PackInvalidException(packFile);
 			synchronized (readLock) {
 				fd = new RandomAccessFile(packFile, "r"); //$NON-NLS-1$
 				length = fd.length();
@@ -705,6 +719,14 @@
 
 	ByteArrayWindow read(long pos, int size) throws IOException {
 		synchronized (readLock) {
+			if (invalid || fd == null) {
+				// Due to concurrency between a read and another packfile invalidation thread
+				// one thread could come up to this point and then fail with NPE.
+				// Detect the situation and throw a proper exception so that can be properly
+				// managed by the main packfile search loop and the Git client won't receive
+				// any failures.
+				throw new PackInvalidException(packFile);
+			}
 			if (length < pos + size)
 				size = (int) (length - pos);
 			final byte[] buf = new byte[size];
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FS.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FS.java
index e5c2922..7e854c7 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FS.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FS.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
 import java.security.AccessController;
 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
 import java.text.MessageFormat;
@@ -442,6 +443,19 @@
 	public abstract boolean retryFailedLockFileCommit();
 
 	/**
+	 * Return all the attributes of a file, without following symbolic links.
+	 *
+	 * @param file
+	 * @return {@link BasicFileAttributes} of the file
+	 * @throws IOException in case of any I/O errors accessing the file
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.6
+	 */
+	public BasicFileAttributes fileAttributes(File file) throws IOException {
+		return FileUtils.fileAttributes(file);
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Determine the user's home directory (location where preferences are).
 	 *
 	 * @return the user's home directory; null if the user does not have one.
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FileUtils.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FileUtils.java
index ecfd316..97f480d 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FileUtils.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/FileUtils.java
@@ -660,6 +660,19 @@
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Return all the attributes of a file, without following symbolic links.
+	 *
+	 * @param file
+	 * @return {@link BasicFileAttributes} of the file
+	 * @throws IOException in case of any I/O errors accessing the file
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.6
+	 */
+	static BasicFileAttributes fileAttributes(File file) throws IOException {
+		return Files.readAttributes(file.toPath(), BasicFileAttributes.class, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * @param file
 	 * @param time
 	 * @throws IOException